Umkholezima: Uchungechunge lwemigidingo yomsebenzi
Kumchazazibalo nakwinzululwazi yesicikizi, umkholezima lunguchungechunge olunomkhawulo lwemiyalezo enembile, evame ukusetshenziswa ukuxazulula izinkinga eziqondile noma ukwenza umcikizo.
Imikholezima isetshenziswa njengeziqondiso zokwenza uqaqululo nokudludlunga imininingo. Imikholezima ethe thuthu ingenza izisuso ezihlelelekiwe (ezibizwa ngokuthi inhluzo ehleleliwe) futhi ingasebenzisa njengezivivinyo zomchazazibalo ne-logic ukuphambukisa ukugunundwa komkitizo ngemigudu ehlukene (okubhekiselwa kuyo ngokuthi ukuthatha isigqibo okuhlelekiwe). Ukusebenzisa izici zabantu njengezichazisi zezinguxa ngokomfanekiso noma ukungathekisa kwakuyinto eyayenziwa ngu-Alan Turing ngokusebenzisa amabizo afana nokuthi "inkumbulo", "ukuphequlula" nelithi "imvusi".
Ngokuphambene, insobozelo (heuristic) iwuhlobo lwendlela yokuxazulula izinkinga engacacisiwe ngokuphelele noma engaqinisekise ukuba neziphumo ezingqanda noma ezinembile, ikakhulu ezidlangaleni zezinkinga lapho kungekho khona iziphumo ezingqanda noma ezinembile ezichasiswe kahle.
Njengendlelasu ephumelelayo, umkholezima ungavezwa ngesamba samazwi esinomkhawulo somkhathi nesikhathi, kanye nangolimi olusemthethweni oluchasiswe ukuze kuqaqululwe insebenzo yomchazazibalo. Kusukela esimweni esiyisileke nasegalelweni lokuqala, imiyalezo izochazisa umcikizo ozothi lapho ugunundwa, uqhubeke ngokwenani elinomkhawulo lezimo ezichasiswe khake eziwuchunge, kuze kube yilapho ukhiqiza "isphumo" futhi ukhawuka esimweni sokugcina esiphelayo . Ushintsho kusuka esimweni esithile kuya kwesilandelayo alunqunyelwe; eminye imikholezima, eyaziwa ngokuthi imikholezima ethukelayo, ihlanganisa igalelo lokwethukela.
uMlando
Imikholezima yasendulo
Kusuka enguna, izinkambiso zezinyathelo zokuxazulula izinkinga zomchazazibalo ziye zafakazelwa. Lezi zihlanganisa umchazazibalo waseBhabhiloni (cishe ngowezi-2500 BC), umchazazibalo waseGibhithe (cishe ngowezi-1550 BC), umchazazibalo waseNdiya (cishe ngowezi-800 BC nakamuva), umchazazibalo waseGrisi (cishe ngowezi-240 BC, isb. isihlungo sika-Erathositini nomkholezima ka-Yukulide), kanye nomchazazibalo wase-Arabiya (ngekhulu le-9, isb. imikholezima yomchazanyandla yokugqabula iziguqukezelo esekwe kwesihlaziyo somjingo).
U-Al-khwarizim nebizo umkholezima
Cishe ngonyaka wama-825, uMuhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi waloba i-kitāb al-ḥisāb al-hindī ("INcwadi yoMcikizo waseNdiya") kanye ne-kitab al-jam' wa'l-tafriq al-ḥisāb al-hindī ("UkweNgeza nokuPhunguza kwizibalonqangi zaseNdiya"). Yombili lemibhalo yahlulukwa ngolimi lesi-Arab sendabuko. (Kodwa enye incwadi yakhe ye-algebra isasekhona.)
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-12, kwavela izihumusho zesiLathini zemibhalo ka-al-Khwarizim ebandakanya izimiso zezibalonani nesibalonqangi zesiHindu nesi-Arabiya: Liber Alghoarismi de practica arismetrice (eyahunyishwa ngu-John of Seville) kanye ne- Liber Algorismi de numero Indorum (eyahunyushwa ngu-Adelard of Bath). Kanjalo, elithi alghoarismi noma algorismi kwaba yindlela yesiLathini yokuthi Al-Khwarizmi; ngesiZulu elithi 'umkholezima' cishe lazwakala ngokufana nalo, kodwa linomsuka ohlukile.
Imithombo
Imithombo
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