Ibhaluni

Ingagcwaliswa nge-helium, i-hydrogen noma umoya. Amabhaluni amancane avame ukusetshenziselwa amaphathi noma njengamathoyizi, kuyilapho amabhaluni amakhulu, njengamabhaluni omoya oshisayo, asetshenziselwa izinjongo zokuhamba nezokuzijabulisa. Ukwengeza, amabhaluni asetshenziswa emisebenzini ehlukahlukene engokoqobo, okuhlanganisa i-meteorology, imithi, nokuzivikela kwezempi. Izakhiwo zamabhaluni, njengokuminyana kwawo okuphansi kanye nezindleko, ziholele ekusetshenzisweni okubanzi. Okunye ukusetshenziswa okuvamile kwamabhaluni kuhlanganisa ukuhlobisa, ukukhangisa, amathoyizi ezingane, nanjengesitsha sokugcina amagesi. Amabhaluni abuye asetshenziswe ezinqubweni zezokwelapha, njengama-catheter ebhaluni kanye ne-tamponade yebhaluni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zazisetshenziswa emisebenzini yezempi kanye ne-aerospace, kanye nasezintweni zokuhamba nezokuzijabulisa. Ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kwamabhaluni kuwenza abe yithuluzi eliguquguqukayo nelisetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukene.

Umlando wamabhaluni ungalandelelwa emuva ekusetshenzisweni kwezinyeni zezilwane namathumbu ukuze kwakhiwe izithombe eziqoshiwe zamabhaluni zakuqala zama-Aztec. Nokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwesimanje kwamabhaluni kwaqala ngokusungulwa kwamabhaluni enjoloba nguMichael Faraday ngo-1824 ukuze asetshenziswe ekuhloleni kwakhe i-hydrogen eRoyal Institution eLondon . UFaraday wabeka amashidi amabili enjoloba phezu kwelinye, wawagcwalisa nge-hydrogen, futhi waphawula "amandla abo akhuphukayo" .

Ngo-1830, umkhiqizi wenjoloba uThomas Hancock wethula amabhaluni erabha e-latex emakethe ngokugunyaza inqubo yokuthela irabha phezu kwezibunjwa noma ukucwilisa isikhunta oketshezini lwe-latex. Ngo-1847, uJ. U-Ingram waseLondon waqala ukukhiqiza umfuziselo wokuqala wamabhaluni amathoyizi esimanje, ayengathintwa ukushintsha kwezinga lokushisa.

U-Neil Tillotson, umsunguli we-Tillotson Rubber Company, wasungula indlela yokukhiqiza amabhaluni e-latex ngobuningi ngasekupheleni kwawo-1930s. Waqale wadala amabhaluni angu-15 e-“Tilly Cat” asesimweni sekhanda lekati embukisweni we-Patriot's Day wango-1931. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, amabhaluni asesetshenziselwa ukuzijabulisa nokuhlobisa, futhi amabhaluni okuqala esoseji akhiqizwa ngo-1912. Ukuduma kwamabhaluni kukhule phakathi nekhulu lama-20, ngokwethulwa kwamabhaluni e-foil ngawo-1970.

Namuhla, amabhaluni enziwe ngezinto ezihlukahlukene ezifana nerabha, i-latex, i-polychloroprene noma indwangu yenayiloni, futhi angaba nemibala eminingi ehlukene. Zisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, ezihlanganisa imithi, i-meteorology, ezempi, nezokuthutha, kanye nezokuzijabulisa nokuhlobisa.

Amabhaluni agcwele i-helium, i-hydrogen noma umoya, kodwa i-hydrogen iyingozi ngenxa yokuthungela ngokushesha futhi i-helium ibiza kakhulu futhi ibhaluni eligcwele i-helium liwohloka ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke, indlela ethandwayo yokugcwalisa ibhaluni ngomoya (ibhaluni lingagcwaliswa ngomlomo noma ngepompo).

Ukuphefumula ibhaluni ngomlomo kuhle empilweni ngoba kusebenzisa imisipha ye-intercostal, eyandisa futhi iphakamise izimbambo kanye ne-diaphragm, ithuthukise ukusebenza kwamaphaphu nokugcwala komoyampilo. Lokhu kuvivinya umzimba kungathuthukisa ukuma, ukuzinza kanye namaphethini okuphefumula, futhi kusiza ukwandisa umthamo wamaphaphu, okwenza kube usizo ezimweni ezifana ne-pulmonary fibrosis, i-COPD noma i-asthma. Ukwengeza, isenzo sokuqhumisa ibhaluni sikhuthaza ukuphefumula okujulile, okunganciphisa ukucindezeleka nokukhathazeka, kuthuthukise impilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi, futhi kwandise amandla amaphaphu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-inflation ye-balloon iphikisana ne-diaphragm yokuphefumula okuphumelelayo futhi isiza ukwandisa ukucindezeleka kwangaphakathi kwesisu, okwenza kube umsebenzi owusizo wokuvuselela nokusebenza kokuphefumula..