電解質,舊譯電化物,謂化合質融水、熔融之時,有以傳電者也。考其傳電之賢不肖,復分為強、弱二端。凡為電解質,皆以離子鍵、極性共價鍵結合而成,融水、熔融,離子乃出,故可導電。強電解質,盡數電離;弱電解質,則一部電離,至於平衡。烈酸、烈鹼、金氧,及多數之鹽類,強者也,如硫鏹、鹽鏹、碳酸鈣、硫酸銅等;弱酸、弱鹼,及少數之鹽類,弱者也,若醋酸、一水合氨、醋酸鉛、汞綠等。原其強弱之別,則所以為成因者五,曰鍵型、鍵能、溶解度、濃度、溶劑。至其電解質與否,判斷之限格有三:電離之有無,一也;物類之所屬,二也;化合質類別,三也。而電解之道,電流過之,以得陰陽極處化合、離析之用,電能乃轉為化學能焉。如水電解,陰鐵、陽鎳,置之氫氧化鈉液中,離子被電遷移,物質變化於極液之間,則在陽氧化,在陰還原,總成氫氧二氣而出。斯知電解之力大矣,遇化變之難為,輒引是法,故尤見攻金、電鍍、拋光諸業中。
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