حروف صحیح | IPA | پنین | انگریزین تقریبا | ɕ | x | she | f | f | fan | j | y-, -i- | you | k | g | skim | kʰ | k | cup | l | l | leaf | m | m | moon | n | n-, -n | noon | ŋ | -ng | song | p | b | span | pʰ | p | pan | ɻ | -r | area (ends syllable) | s | s | see | ʂ | sh | show; Russian Ш Polish SZ | t | d | stand | tʰ | t | tan | tɕ | j | itchy | tɕʰ | q | cheer | ts | z | pizza | tsʰ | c | tsunami (with t pronounced) | tʂ | zh | pitcher | tʂʰ | ch | church | w | w-, -u- | water | x | h | loch (Scottish English) | ɥ | yu-, -ü- | (simultaneous y and w); French nuit | ʐ | r- | pleasure; Russian Ж Polish Ż, RZ | | حروف علت | IPA | پنین | انگریزین تقریبا | a | a (a, an) | roughly like cat | ɑ | a (ang), e (er) | car | ɛ | e (ye), a (yan, yuan, ian) | yes | œ | e (yue) | roughly like bird; German ö | ə | e (en) | about | ɤ | e (eng) | roughly like Am.eng. sir | i | yi/-i (yi, yin, ying) | see | ɨ | i (si, zi, ci, shi, zhi, chi, ri) | glasses | ɔ | o (wo, bo, po, mo, fo) | war | u | wu/-u | shoe | ʊ | o (ong) | hook | y | yu/-ü (yu, yun) | somewhat like few; French tu | ادغام | aɪ | ai | bye | ɑʊ | ao | now | eɪ | ei | day | oʊ | ou | no | انفی حروف علت | ɑ̃ | ang (angr) | roughly like croissant | ə̃ | eng (engr) | roughly like uh-huh | ʊ̃ | ong (ongr) | roughly like own | لب و لہجه | بین الاقوامی اصواتی ابجدیہ | پنین | تفصیل | ǎ ɤ̌ | á, é | mid rising: ˧˥ | â ɤ̂ | à, è | high falling: ˥˩ | á ɤ́ | ā, ē | high: ˥ | à, ɤ̀ | ǎ, ě | medially, low: ˩ initially, mid falling: ˧˩ finally, low rising: ˩˧ in isolation, dipping: ˧˩˧ | a, ɤ | a, e | "toneless": low after the high falling tone ˥˩ and the high tone ˥ ; mid after all other tones | |