Iran–Iraq War

Iran–Iraq War
	Pairt o the Persie Gulf Conflicts
	; Pairticipation o child sodgers on Iranian front (tap left); Iranian sodger wearin a gas mask (tap richt); Port quarter view o USS Stark listin tae port after bein mistakenly struck bi an Iraqi warplane (middle left); Pro-Iraq PMOI forces killed in Operation Mersad (middle richt); Iraqi preesoners o war after the re-captur o Khorramshahr bi Iranians (ablo left); ZU-23-2 bein uised bi the Iranian Airmy (ablo richt).
Date	22 September 1980 – 20 August 1988; (7 years, 10 months, 4 weeks and 1 day)
Location	Iran, Iraq, Persie Gulf
Result	Militar stalemate Iraqi failyie tae annex territories on the east bank o the Shatt al-Arab an bolster Arab separatism in Khuzestan Province o Iran; Iranian failyie tae topple Saddam Hussein an destroy Iraqi militar pouer as well as inspire sectarian divide i Iraq; Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil Resolution 598;
Territorial; changes	"Status quo ante bellum"; observed bi Unitit Naitions Iran–Iraq Militar Observer Group based on Unitit Naitions Security Cooncil Resolution 619
Belligerents
Iran; KDP; PUK; ISCI; Abuzar Brigade Support: Islamic Dawa Pairty ; Sirie[verification needit] ;	Iraq; PMOI; Support: Soviet Union ; Fraunce ; Unitit States ; Unitit Kinrick[better soorce needit] ; Saudi Arabie ; Kuwait ;
Commanders an leaders
Ruhollah Khomeini; (Supreme Leader of Iran) Ithers: Abulhassan Banisadr ; (Preses o Iran, ineetially the commander-in-chief, impeached an oustit in 1981) ; Mohammad-Ali Rajai ; (Preses o Iran, assassinatit in 1981) ; Ali Khamenei ; (Preses o Iran) ; Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ; (Chairman o the Pairlament; "de facto" commander-in-chief) ; Mohammad-Javad Bahonar ; (Prime Meenister o Iran, assassinatit in 1981) ; Mir-Hossein Mousavi ; (Prime Meenister o Iran) ; Mostafa Chamran ; (Meenister o Defence, KIA in 1981) ; Valiollah Fallahi, General ; (Chief o Staff, killed in plane crash in 1981) ; Qasem-Ali Zahirnejad, General ; (Chief o Staff) ; Ali Sayyad Shirazi, Colonel ; (Commander o Airmy) ; Javad Fakoori, General ; (Commander o Air Force, killed in plane crash in 1981) ; Mohammad-Hossein Moeinpoor, Colonel ; (Commander o Air Force) ; Bahram Afzali, Rear Admiral ; (Commander o Navy, executit for alleged espionage in 1984) ; Mohammadhossein Malekzadegan, Navy Captain ; (Commander o Navy) ; Mohsen Rezaee ; (Commander o IRGC) ; Chenar Faraj ; (Leader o the Peshmerga) ; Massoud Barzani ; (Leader o the Kurdistan Democratic Pairty) ; Jalal Talabani ; (Leader o the Patriotic Union o Kurdistan) ; Nawshirwan Mustafa ; (Depute Secretar General o the Patriotic Union o Kurdistan) ; Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim ; (Leader o the Islamic Supreme Cooncil o Iraq) ; Abdul Aziz al-Hakim ; (Leader o the ISCI Militar Weeng) ;	Saddam Hussein; (Preses o Iraq) Others: Ali Hassan al-Majid; (General an Iraqi Intelligence Service heid) ; Taha Yassin Ramadan; (General an Depute Pairty Secretar) ; Izzat Ibrahim ad-Douri; (Depute chairman, Revolutionary Command Cooncil) ; Abid Hamid Mahmud ; (Lieutenant General) ; Salah Aboud Mahmoud; (General) ; Tariq Aziz; (Foreign Meenister an Revolutionary Command Cooncil member) ; Adnan Khairallah; (Meenister o Defence) ; Saddam Kamel; (Republican Gaird commander) ; Uday Hussein; (Son o Saddam Hussein) ; Qusay Hussein; (Son o Saddam Hussein) ; Maher Abd al-Rashid; (General) ; Abdul Rahman Ghassemlou; (Leader o the Democratic Pairty o Iranian Kurdistan) ; Massoud Rajavi; (Preses o the Naitional Cooncil o Resistance o Iran) ; Maryam Rajavi; (Co-leader o the PMOI) ;
Units involved
see order o battle	see order o battle
Strenth
At the onset o the war:; 110,000–150,000 sodgers,; 1,700–2,100 tanks, (500 operable); 1,000 armoured vehicles,; 300 operable artillery pieces,; 485 fechter-bombers (~100 operable),; 750 helicopters; Efter Iraq widrew frae Iran in 1982:; 350,000 sodgers,; 700 tanks,; 2,700 airmoured vehicles,; 400 artillery pieces,; 350 aircraft,; 700 helicopters; early 1988:; 600,000 sodgers,; 1,000 operable tanks,; 800 airmoured vehicles,; 600 hivy artillery pieces,; 60–80 fechter-bombers,; 70–90 helicopters	At the onset o the war:; 200,000 sodgers,; 2,800 tanks,; 4,000 APCs,; 1,400 artillery pieces,; 380 fechter-bombers,; 350 helicopters; Efter Iraq widrew frae Iran in 1982:; 175,000 sodgers,; 1,200 tanks,; 2,300 airmoured vehicles,; 400 artillery pieces,; 450 aircraft,; 180 helicopters; At the end o the war:; 1,500,000 sodgers,; ~5,000 tanks,; 8,500–10,000 APCs,; 6,000–12,000 artillery pieces,; 900 fechter-bombers,; 1,000 helicopters
Casualties an losses
123,220–160,000 KIA an 60,711 MIA (Iranian claim); 200,000–600,000 killed (ither estimates); 800,000 killed (Iraqi claim); 320,000–500,000 WIA; 40,000–42,875 POW; 11,000–16,000 ceevilian deid; Economic loss of US$627 billion	105,000–375,000 killed; 250,000–500,000 (ither estimates); 400,000 WIA; 70,000 POW; Economic loss of $561 billion
	100,000+ ceevilians killed on baith sides; (nae includin 50,000–100,000 ceevilians killed in the Al-Anfal campaign)
	¹ The exact nummer o Iraqi Shia that focht alangside Iran is unkent. The Islamic Supreme Cooncil o Iraq an Islamic Dawa Pairty supportit Iran in the war. Iran wad whiles organise diveesions o Iraqi POWs tae fecht against Iraq.

The war follaed a lang history o mairch disputes, an wis motivatit bi fears that the Iranian Revolution in 1979 wad inspire insurgency amang Iraq's Shi'ite majority, as well as Iraq's desire tae replace Iran as the dominant Persie Gulf state.

References

Soorces

Farrokh, Kaveh. Iran at War: 1500–1988. Oxford: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 9781780962214.
Pollack, Kenneth M. (2004). "Iraq". Arabs at War: Military Effectiveness, 1948–1991. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press. ISBN 9780803287839.

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Iran–Iraq War

References

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