Cithakan:Wangun papréntahan Wangun papréntahan iku istilah kang ngrujuk marang tatanan institusi pulitik kanggo nata nagara lan kakuwasan nagara liwat pulitik masarakat.
Padhanané antarané kalebu "jinis rezim" lan "sistem papréntahan". Dhéfinisi iki isih lumaku sanadyan papréntahan ora kasil sajeroning ngetrapaké kakuwasané. Tanpa ndeleng kwalitasé, siji pamaréntah kang gagal iku uga isih dianggep sawining wangun papréntahan. Gréja, prusahaan, klub, lan èntitas sangisoré tataran nasional liyané uga duwé wangun "papréntahan", nanging sajeroning artikel iki mung organisasi nagara kang didhiskusèkaké.
Wolulas nagara ign donya ora nyebutaké kanthi cetha wangun nagarané sajeroning jeneng resmi nagara (jeneng resmi Jamaica, contoné, mung "Jamaica" waé), nanging liyané duwé jeneng resmi kang mratélakaké wangun papréntahan, utawa saora-orané wangun papréntahan kang diperjuangaké:
Ana 33 karajan ing donya, nanging 18 kang bener-bener karajan, déné 15 liyané kaloka minangka realms. Jordan iku kanthi mirunggan siji Karajan Hashemite, lan Inggris lan Irlandia Lor isih nonjolaké sajarahé dhéwé-dhéwé lan nyawiji dadi United Kingdom.
Républik iku wangun pamarétahan kang paling akèh dianggo, paling sethithik kanthi resminé, yaiku déning 132 nagara. Akèh kang ngukuhaké kanthi luwih spésifik. Contoné, Mesir lan Suriah iku kanthi spésifik Républik Arab, Guyana kanthi spésifik wujud Républik Koperasi, lan Aljazair ngeklim minangka Républik Dhémokratik & Populèr.
Boix, Carles (2003). Democracy and Redistribution. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Bunce, Valerie. 2003. “Rethinking Recent Democratization: Lessons from the Postcommunist Experience.” World Politics 55(2):167-192.
Colomer, Josep M. (2003). Political Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Dahl, Robert Polyarchy Yale University Press (1971
Heritage, Andrew, Editor-in-Chief. 2000. World Desk Reference
Lijphart, Arend (1977). Democracy in Plural Societies: A Comparative Exploration. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Linz, Juan. 2000. Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes. Boulder: Lynne Rienner.
Linz, Juan, and Stepan, Alfred. 1996. Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation: Southernn Europe, South America, and Post-Communist Europe. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press.
Lichbach, Mark and Alan Zukerman, eds. 1997. Comparative Politics: Rationality, Culture, and Structure, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.
Luebbert, Gregory M. 1987. “Social Foundations of Political Order in Interwar Europe,” World Politics 39, 4.
Moore, Barrington, Jr. 1966. Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Lord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World. Cambridge: Beacon Press, ch. 7-9.
Comparative politics : interests, identities, and institutions in a changing global order/edited by Jeffrey Kopstein, Mark Lichbach, 2nd ed, Cambridge University Press, 2005.
O’Donnell, Guillermo. 1970. Modernization and Bureaucratic-Authoritarianism. Berkeley: University of California.
O’Donnell, Guillermo, Schmitter, Philippe C., and Whitehead, Laurence, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: comparative Perspectives. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press.
Przeworski, Adam. 1992. Democracy and the Market: Political and Economic Reforms in Eastern Europe and Latin America, New York: Cambridge University Press.
Przeworski, Adam, Alvarez, Michael, Cheibub, Jose, and Limongi, Fernando. 2000. Democracy and Development: Political Institutions and Well Being in the World, 1950-1990. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Shugart, Mathhew and John M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies: Constitutional Design and Electoral Dynamics, New York, Cambridge Univ. Press, 1992.
Taagepera, Rein and Matthew Shugart. 1989. Seats and votes: The effects and determinants of electoral systems, Yale Univ. Press.jimmy
This article uses material from the Wikipedia Basa Jawa article Wangun pamaréntahan, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Isi cumepak kanthi pangayoman CC BY-SA 4.0, kajaba ana katerangan liyané. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses. ®Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wiki Foundation, Inc. Wiki Basa Jawa (DUHOCTRUNGQUOC.VN) is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wiki Foundation.