Minnesota
Minnesota sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t-ê chiu.
Siú-hú sī Saint Paul. Siāng toā ê siâⁿ-chhī sī Minneapolis.
| State of Minnesota | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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| Chhiok-hō: Land of 10,000 Lakes; North Star State; The Gopher State; Agate State; State of Hockey. | |||||
| Piau-gí: L'Étoile du Nord (Hoat-gí: Pak-hng chi Chheⁿ) | |||||
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| Chū-bîn chheng-ho͘ | Minnesotan | ||||
| Siú-hú | Saint Paul | ||||
| Siāng-tōa siâⁿ-chhī | Minneapolis | ||||
| Siāng-tōa to͘-hōe | Minneapolis–Saint Paul | ||||
| Bīn-chek | Pâi-miâ tē-12 | ||||
| • Ha̍p-kè | 86,936 sq mi (225,163 km2) | ||||
| • Tang-sai khoah | c. 200–351 lí (c. 320–560 km) | ||||
| • Lâm-pak khoah | c. 400 lí (c. 640 km) | ||||
| • % chúi-bīn | 8.40 | ||||
| • Hūi-tō͘ | 43° 30′ N to 49° 23′ N | ||||
| • Keng-tō͘ | 89° 29′ W to 97° 14′ W | ||||
| Jîn-kháu | Pâi-miâ tē-21 | ||||
| • Ha̍p-kè | 5,489,594 (2015 nî ko͘) | ||||
| • Bi̍t-tō͘ | 68.9/sq mi (26.6/km2) Pâi-miâ tē-30 (2015 nî ko͘) | ||||
| • Hō͘-kháu siu-ji̍p tiong-ta̍t | $68,730 (6th) | ||||
| Koân-tō͘ | |||||
| • Ko-tiám | Eagle Mountain 2,301 ft (701 m) | ||||
| • Pêng-kin | 1,200 ft (370 m) | ||||
| • Kē-tiám | Lake Superior 602 ft (183 m) | ||||
| Siat chiu chìn-chêng | Minnesota Léng-thó͘ | ||||
| Sin chiu seng-li̍p | May 11, 1858 (32nd) | ||||
| Chiu-tiúⁿ | Mark Dayton (DFL) | ||||
| Hù-chiu-tiúⁿ | Tina Smith (DFL) | ||||
| Li̍p-hoat | Minnesota Li̍p-hóa-hōe | ||||
| • Siōng-gī-īⁿ | Chham-gī-īⁿ | ||||
| • Hā-gī-īⁿ | Chiòng-gī-īⁿ | ||||
| Chham-gī-goân | Amy Klobuchar (DFL) Al Franken (DFL) | ||||
| Chiòng-gī-īⁿ tāi-piáu | 5-ūi Bîn-chú-tóng, 3-ūi Kiông-hô-tóng (lia̍t-toaⁿ) | ||||
| Sî-khu | Central: UTC −6/−5 | ||||
| ISO 3166 | US-MN | ||||
| Kán-siá | MN, Minn. | ||||
| Bāng-chām | mn | ||||
Tē-hō-miâ
Minnesota iû-lâi sī Dakota-gí tùi Minnesota Hô ê miâ Mnisota. Jī thâu mni- ì-sù sī "chúi", ta (tō) ì-sù nâ-sek. Tī chiu lāi ū bōe chió Minne- chhōa-thâu ê tē-hō-miâ, lóng sī tùi chúi ê hêng-iông. Pú-lūn Minnehaha Falls ("chiò-chhiò ê chúi"), Minneiska ("pe̍h chúi"), Minneota ("chē-chē ê chúi"), Minnetonka ("tōa chúi"), Minnetrista ("oan-oan khek-khek ê chúi").
Tē-lí
Chiàu Bí-kok ê tē-lí hun-khu, Minnesota sī ūi tī leh Téng Tiong-se-pō͘ (Upper Midwest), mā sǹg sī Tōa-ô͘-khu ê chi̍t pō͘-hūn. Pún chiu kap tang-pêng ê Michigan tiong-ng sī keh liáu chi̍t-ê Superior Ô͘, kâng-khoán tī tang-pêng koh ū pō͘-hūn sio-óa ê Wisconsin chiu hūn. Lēng-gōa, ùi lâm-pêng sī Iowa; sai-pêng ū North Dakota kap South Dakota; tī pak-pêng sī Ka-ná-tah ê Ontario chham Manitoba séng.
Kui chiu ê bīn-chek ū 225,180 pêng-hong kong-lí, chiàm choân-kok ê 2.25 pha-sén, sī pâi tē-12 tōa ê Bí-kok chiu-hūn.
Minnesota sī Bí-kok tû-liáu Alaska í-gōa siāng óa pak ê chiu, I ū chi̍t kak hiòng pak thòng--chhut-khì, khu lāi ū Chhiū-nâ Ô͘ (Lake of the Woods), ô͘ ê pak-pêng ū chi̍t hūn thó͘-tē, sī Bí-kok tāi-lio̍k pō͘-hūn î-it pí pak-hūi 49 tō͘ koh khah óa pak ê só͘-chāi.
Le̍k-sú
Au-chiu-lâng lâi kàu Pak Bí-chiu chìn-chêng, Minnesota chú-iàu ê jîn-kûn sī Dakota-lâng. Hoat-kok ê lâng tī 17 sè-kí lâi kàu Minnesota chò mô͘-phôe bé-bē. Tong Au-chiu î-bîn tī tang-hoaⁿ oa̍h-tāng ê sî, Anishinaabe téng cho̍k mā sóa ji̍p phì-jû Minnesota chit khoán lōe-lio̍k. Sin lâi ê Anishinaabe lâng kap chāi-tē ê Dakota lâng tio̍h sán-sen tùi-li̍p.
1762 nî kàu 1802 nî kî-kan, Minnesota sī Se-pan-gâ Louisiana só͘-sio̍k. Bí-kok kek-bēng bóe-kî, Tē-jī-chhù Pa-lí Tiâu-iok chhiam-sú sî, Minnesota tī Mississippi Hô tang-pêng ê thó͘-tē piàn chò sī Bí-kok ê chi̍t hūn. Liáu-āu, Bí-kok koh keng-kòe Louisiana Siu-bé, tit tio̍h Mississippi sai-pêng ê thó͘-tē.
Minnesota Léng-thó͘ tī 1849 nî 3 goe̍h chheh 3 sêng-li̍p, thau kài ê gī-hōe, sī New England î-bîn kap in kiáⁿ-sun só͘ khòng-chè. Hit tong-sî chin chōe lông-ka khai-sí tī Minnesota khai-hoat. Kàu 1858 nî 5 goe̍h 11, Minnesota siat chò Bí-kok ê tē 32 chiu. In-ūi New England hē ê jîn-kháu chiàn tōa-hūn, hong kiò chò sī "Sai-pō͘ ê New England" (The New England of the West).
1861 nî tòa tī Mankato ê Au-chiu-hē jîn-bîn sêng-li̍p hō chò Sim-lîm Bú-sū (Knights of the Forest) ê thoân-thé, beh chiong goân-chū-bîn kóaⁿ cháu. Chit khoán ap-le̍k ín-khí liáu 1862 nî ê Dakota Chiàn-cheng, āu-bóe chia goân-chū-bîn lóng sóa khí Dakota ê Crow Creek Pó-liû-tē (Crow Creek Reservation).
1880 nî-tāi liáu-āu tī Vermilion Soaⁿ-tē kap Mesabi Soaⁿ-tē téng só͘-chāi hoat-kiàn thih-khòng, tong-tē kiàn-li̍p liáu chhái-khòng ê sán-gia̍p, in ê chhut-sán, ē-tàng hiòng tang sàn kàu Tōa-ô͘-khu. 20 sè-kí chá-kî, kang-gia̍p ê hoat-tián chō-sêng jîn-kháu tùi chháu-tē hiòng to͘-chhī î-sóa; chóng-sī Minnesota hit-tong-sî lông-gia̍p oan-ná chin tiōng-iàu.
Tōa Siau-tiâu sî-kî, Minnesota ê keng-chè mā siū sún-hāi, kàu 1931 nî kap 1935 nî kî-kan, sai-pêng kap Dakota koh siū khiàm-chúi ê gûi-hāi. Āu-lâi Sin Chhek (New Deal) ê kè-ōe hō͘ pún-tē keng-chè ū chi̍t kóa kái-siàn. Hit-chūn Kong-bîn Pó-io̍k Tūi (Civilian Conservation Corps) kap kî-tha ê kè-ōe, chiam-tùi goân-chū-bîn thê-kiong khang-khòe. 1934 nî ê hoat-àn koh khak-li̍p in khai-siat chū-chú chèng-hú ê chè-tō͘.
Jī-chhù Tāi-chiàn liáu-āu, sin-ê kang-gia̍p hoat-tián. Chū-tōng-hòa ê phó͘-ki̍p kái-chìn liáu seng-sán-le̍k. Lông-chok-bu̍t tōa-hūn lóng piàn hoan-be̍h kap sió-be̍h. 1946 nî, Kang-têng Gián-kiù Cho͘-ha̍p (Engineering Research Associates) sêng-li̍p, choan-bûn thè hái-kun khai-hoat tiān-náu.
Jîn-kháu
Chiàu 2010 nî 4 goe̍h ê phó͘-cha chu-liāu, thong Minnesota ê jîn-kháu ê 5,303,925 lâng; lāi-bīn 83.1% sī hui Latin-hē ê pe̍h-lâng; 5.2% sī o͘-lâng ia̍h Hui-chiū-hē Bí-kok-lâng; Indian kap Alaska goân-chū-bîn chiàm 1.1%; A-chiu-hē chiàm 4.0%.
Keng-chè
Minnesota tī 2014 nî ê GDP sī 316,204 pa̍h-bān bí-kim. Chiàu 2015 nî ê chu-liāu, pún chiu siāng-chē lâng chò ê khang-khòe sī kiān-khong chiàu-kò͘ kap siā-hōe hû-chō͘ (health care and social assistance) sán-gia̍p.
Pún chiu sī Bí-kok seng-sán siāng-chē chè-thn̂g-ēng âng-chhài-thâu (sugar beet), tiⁿ hoan-be̍h (sweet corn) kap ka-kang-ēng hôe-liân-tāu, koh ū chhī hóe-ke ê chiu. Lēng-gōa mā sī n̂g-tāu kap hoan-be̍h ê tiōng-iàu seng-sán-chiá.
Kau-thong
Minnesota ê chèng-hú ū siat Minnesota Kau-thong-pō͘ lâi chú-koán kau-thong gia̍p-bū. Keng-kòe pún chiu ê chú-iàu chiu-chè kong-lō͘ ū I-35, I-90, I-94 téng lō͘-sòaⁿ. Chia lāi-bīn I-35 kap I-94 keng-kòe Minneapolis–St. Paul tō͘-hōe-khu; I-90 ùi chiu ê lâm-pêng piⁿ thong-kòe.
Chham-khó
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