帝制,一稱君主專制政體,英言Autocratic monarchy,謂乾綱獨斷,而存一姓世襲,屬君主制。其獨治之君,每超然法外,儕於神聖,而集權中央,殆宗法之餘跡也。國之大事,在祀與戎。是以王天下者,其權不止於世俗。
中國之帝制,始於秦政,亦西學之所謂獨夫。六王畢,四海一,號為皇帝。然中華擁文官之制,若有唐之中書,令所由出也;旁有門下,事所由止也。雖及明清,掣肘猶多,故與西人不同。或謂中國專制之說,五四以來比附,此闕疑。要之,皇權日盛,降及辛亥,革命軍出,遂歸民國。縱有洪憲之變,而民主之勢不移矣。
西人之帝制,稱絕對君主制,事在中古以後。如法王路易十四者,雖壯年有爲,竟致民生凋敝,而家國強雄,亦足以垂名萬世。然末代嗣君,羌無此幸。且歐西人主,莫非教徒,神權所羈,未必至尊。
至於回教諸國,君稱哈里發,或有蘇丹,皆帝制之君也。
This article uses material from the Wikipedia 古文 / 文言文 article 帝制, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). 若無側注,諸文皆奉CC BY-SA 4.0以行。 Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
®Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wiki Foundation, Inc. Wiki 古文 / 文言文 (DUHOCTRUNGQUOC.VN) is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wiki Foundation.