中央銀行,略稱央行。爲一國金融機關之樞機,司行鈔、平準,督察商行等。央行所營蓋以國利爲先,商行所營蓋盈賈人之利,其中有別。天下央行之要者,曰美國聯邦儲備系統、中國人民銀行、日本銀行、歐盟中央銀行、英格蘭銀行。
分而言之,央行如下數職。於貨幣,收放泉幣,穩定幣值,此一也;於銀行,留管準備金,貰貸與商行,此二也;於政府,經營國帑,代發國債,保管外匯,儲納黃金,謀定貨幣之政約,此三也。
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