ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱥᱤ
ᱥᱤ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ (C Programming Language) ᱫᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱞᱮᱵᱚᱞ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱑᱙᱖᱙ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱑᱙᱗᱓ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱢᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱤᱪᱤ ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱞᱞ ᱞᱮᱵᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱩᱭᱞᱩ ᱡᱚᱥ ᱫᱚ ᱤᱭᱩᱱᱤᱠᱥ ᱚᱯᱮᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ (UNIX-OS) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚᱰ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ, ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱩᱥᱟᱹᱨᱟ ᱜᱮ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨᱟᱱ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱯᱟᱥᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱥᱤ++ ᱟᱨ ᱡᱟᱵᱷᱟ ᱥᱟᱶᱛᱮ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱛᱮ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱟᱠᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱚᱨᱥᱚᱝ ᱮ ᱧᱩᱨ ᱟᱠᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱜᱩᱱ ᱫᱚ ᱦᱩᱭᱩᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱚᱨᱴᱟᱵᱤᱞᱤᱴᱤ (portability) ᱾ ᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮ ᱰᱤᱡᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱚᱯᱮᱨᱮᱴᱤᱝ ᱥᱤᱥᱴᱚᱢ ᱨᱮ ᱪᱟᱹᱞᱩ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱾ ᱗᱐ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱘᱐ ᱜᱮᱞᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱮ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱦᱚᱲ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱠᱩᱥᱤᱭᱟᱫ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱜᱚᱴᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ (version) ᱠᱚ ᱩᱪᱷᱟᱹᱱ ᱮᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱑᱙᱘᱙ ᱥᱟᱹᱦᱤᱛ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟᱱ ᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱤᱱᱥᱴᱤᱪᱩᱴ (ANSI) ᱟᱨ ᱤᱱᱴᱚᱨᱱᱮᱥᱱᱟᱞ ᱥᱴᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱰ ᱜᱟᱶᱛᱟ (ISO) ᱦᱚᱛᱮᱛᱮ ᱥᱤ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱥᱴᱟᱱᱰᱟᱨᱟᱤᱡᱽ (standardized) ᱦᱩᱭ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾
ᱥᱤᱨᱡᱚᱱ
᱘ ᱜᱮᱞ ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱭᱢᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱠᱚᱢᱯᱩᱴᱚᱨᱤᱥᱴ ᱜᱽᱨᱮᱥ ᱦᱚᱯᱚᱨ ᱮᱞᱠᱷᱟ, ᱯᱷᱞᱚᱢᱮᱴᱤᱠ ᱟᱨ A2 ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱ ᱯᱮᱭᱟ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱡᱮᱢᱥ ᱵᱮᱠᱥ ᱯᱷᱚᱨᱴᱨᱟᱱ (FORTRAN) ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ALGOL, COBOL ᱮᱢᱟᱱ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱾ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱞᱮᱠᱟ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱠᱚ ᱫᱚ ᱱᱮᱛᱟᱨᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱝ ᱦᱟᱯᱲᱟᱢ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱠᱚ ᱾ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱚᱱᱟᱠᱚ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱷᱟᱹᱣᱠᱟᱹ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱮ ᱞᱟᱜᱟᱛᱚᱜ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱠᱚ ᱩᱭᱦᱟᱹᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱫᱚ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱥᱚᱯᱴᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱹᱢᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜ ᱢᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱠᱟᱛᱮ ᱥᱟᱢᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱠᱚ ALGOL 60 (ᱟᱞᱜᱚᱨᱤᱫᱚᱢᱤᱠ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ) ᱢᱟᱨ ᱚᱱᱟᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱞᱟᱝᱜᱩᱣᱮᱡᱽ (CPL) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱮᱱᱟ , ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ CPL ᱪᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱟᱨ ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱱᱟᱥᱮ ᱟᱸᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱮ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱦᱚᱲᱟᱜ ᱢᱚᱱᱮ ᱵᱟᱭ ᱠᱤᱨᱤᱧ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱫᱼᱟ ᱾
ᱠᱮᱢᱵᱽᱨᱤᱡᱽ ᱭᱩᱱᱤᱵᱷᱟᱨᱥᱤᱴᱤ ᱨᱤᱱᱤᱡ ᱢᱟᱨᱴᱤᱱ ᱨᱤᱪᱟᱨᱰ ᱥᱤᱼᱯᱤᱼᱮᱞ ᱵᱩᱱᱤᱭᱟᱹᱫᱽ ᱛᱮ, ᱵᱮᱥᱤᱠ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱞᱟᱝᱜᱩᱣᱮᱡᱽ (BPCL) ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱢᱮᱱᱠᱷᱟᱱ ᱩᱱᱟᱹᱝ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱱᱟᱜ (powerfull) ᱵᱟᱝ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱚᱠᱛᱚ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱬᱮᱥᱤᱭᱟᱹ ᱴᱚᱢᱥᱚᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱵᱮᱞ ᱞᱮᱵᱽᱨᱚᱴᱟᱨᱤ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤ (B) ᱧᱩᱛᱩᱢᱟᱱᱟᱜ ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱛᱮᱭᱟᱨ ᱞᱮᱫ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱫ, ᱱᱚᱶᱟ ᱫᱚ ᱵᱤᱼᱥᱤᱼᱯᱤᱼᱮᱞ (BCPL) ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱢᱟᱨᱮ ᱵᱷᱚᱨᱥᱚᱱ (version) ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸ ᱠᱟᱱᱟ ᱾ ᱚᱱᱟ ᱛᱟᱭᱚᱢ ᱰᱮᱱᱤᱥ ᱨᱤᱪᱤ ᱵᱤ ᱟᱨ BCPL ᱯᱟᱸᱡᱟ ᱠᱟᱛᱮ "ᱥᱤ" ᱯᱨᱚᱜᱽᱨᱟᱢᱤᱝ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱠᱮᱫᱼᱟᱭ ᱾ ᱟᱥᱚᱠᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ ᱥᱤ" ᱫᱚ B ᱟᱨ BCPL ᱨᱮ ᱢᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱥᱤᱢᱟᱹ ᱵᱮᱲ ᱥᱟᱦᱟ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱵᱮᱱᱟᱣ ᱞᱮᱱᱟ ᱾
ᱥᱟᱹᱠᱷᱭᱟᱹᱛ
ᱵᱟᱨᱦᱮ ᱡᱚᱱᱚᱲ
ᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱳᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 
ᱵᱮᱣᱨᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱠᱷᱚᱵᱚᱨ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 
ᱠᱟᱛᱷᱟ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱠᱩᱣᱚᱴ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 
ᱯᱚᱛᱚᱵ ᱠᱚ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱩᱨᱟᱹᱭ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ 
ᱪᱮᱢᱮᱫᱚᱜ ᱢᱮ ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱵᱤᱨᱫᱟᱹᱜᱟᱲ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ
- ISO C Working Group official website
- comp.lang.c Frequently Asked Questions
- ISO/IEC 9899. Official C99 documents.
- ANSI C Standard (ANSI X3J11/88-090) (Published 13 May 1988), Third Public Review
- ANSI C Rationale (ANSI X3J11/88-151) (Published 18 November 1988)
- ᱪᱷᱟᱸᱪ:PDFlink
- A History of C by Dennis Richie Archived ᱒᱐᱑᱕-᱐᱓-᱒᱘ at the Wayback Machine.
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