Indwara Y’umusinziro Nyafurika

Iterwa n’umugera uva mu dukoko twitwa Trypanosoma brucei. Umuntu ashobora kwandura ubwoko bubiri bwayo, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b.g) na Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b.r.). T.b.g niyo ifata abarwayi 98 ku ijana bayandura. Ayo moko abiri aterwa akenshi no kurumwa n’ isazi ya tsetse irwaye ikaba yiganje mu bice by’ibyaro.

Indwara y'umusinziro nyafurika
Classification and external resources
Amasura indwara y'umusinziro igira ikizinga cy'amaraso
ICD/CIM-10	B56 B56
ICD/CIM-9	086.5 086.5
DiseasesDB	29277, 13400
MedlinePlus	001362
MeSH	D014353

Mu mizo ya mbere, iyo indwara ikigaragaza bwa mbere, umurwayi ahinda umuriro, akarwara umutwe, akumva uburyaryate n’ububabare mu ngingo. Indwara yigaragaza nyuma y’ibyumweru bitatu umuntu arumwe n’isazi ya tsetse. Mu byumweru bikurikiyeho cyangwa nyuma y’amezi ibimenyetso byo ku ntera ya kabiri byigaragaza mu buryo umuntu asa n’udasobanukiwe n’uko yiyumva, ingingo ze ntabashe kuziyobora, akagira ibinya ntasinzire neza. Mu kuyisuzuma bapima agakoko mu kazinga k’amaraso cyangwa mu mashyira ava mu ntobo. amatembabuzi yo mu ruti rw'umugongo ni yo bapima akenshi ngo babashe gutandukanya niba indwara ikiri ku ntera ya mbere cyangwa igeze ku ntera ya kabiri.

Kwirinda ko yahinduka igikatu bisaba ko abaturage yugarije bakorerwa ibizami by’amaraso bagapimwa T.b.g. Iyi indwara ivurwa bitagoranye iyo igaragaye mu maraso hakiri kare mbere y’uko igaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko yaba yarakwirakwiriye mu mitsi. Imiti bayivuza ikiri ku ntera ya mbere ni pentamidine cyangwa suramin. Ku ntera ya kabiri bitabaza eflornithine cyangwa bakungikanya nifurtimox na eflornithine iyo ari T.b.g. Naho melarsoprol yo ikoreshwa mu kuyivura ku ntera yaba igezeho iyo ari yo yose ikaba ariko by’umwihariko yitabazwa mu kuvura T.b.r iyo itangiye gutera izindi ngaruka ziremereye.

Iyi ndwara yiganje cyane cyane mu turere tumwe twa Afurika yo mu majyepfo ya Sahara, ikaba yugarije abaturage bakabakaba miliyoni 70 mu bihugu 36. Mu mwaka wa 2010 yahitanye abantu bagera ku 9000 umubare ukaba wari wagabanutse ugereranyije n’a bantu 34000 yahitanye muri 1990. Abantu babarirwa kuri 30000 nibo bayanduye kuri ubu muri bo 7000 bayanduye mu mwaka wa 2012. Muri abo bayanduye abarenga 80 ku ijana ubasanga muri repubulika iharanira demokarasi ya Kongo. Ahantu hatatu h’ingezi yigeze kuba icyorezo mu mateka ya vuba ubwa mbere ni kuva mu mwaka 1896 kugeza 1906 ni muri Uganda no mu Kibaya cya Kongo ubwa kabiri ni hagati ya 1920 na 1970 mu bihugu byinshi by’ Afurika. Amatungo na yo, urugero ni nk’inka, ashobora gusanganwa iyi ndwara yarayanduye.