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Alumeenium |
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Pronunciation | |
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Appearance | sillery gray metallic |
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Standard atomic weight Ar, std(Al) | 7001269815384000000♠26.9815384(3) |
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Alumeenium in the periodic cairt |
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Atomic nummer (Z) | 13 |
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Group | group 13 (boron group) |
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Period | period 3 |
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Block | p-block |
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Element category | Post-transeetion metal |
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Electron confeeguration | [Ne] 3s2 3p1 |
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Electrons per shell | 2, 8, 3 |
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Pheesical properties |
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Phase at STP | solit |
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Meltin pynt | 933.47 K (660.32 °C, 1220.58 °F) |
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Bylin pynt | 2792 K (2519 °C, 4566 °F) |
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Density (near r.t.) | 2.70 g/cm3 |
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when liquid (at m.p.) | 2.375 g/cm3 |
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Heat o fusion | 10.71 kJ/mol |
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Heat o vapourisation | 294.0 kJ/mol |
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Molar heat capacity | 24.200 J/(mol·K) |
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Vapour pressur P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1 k | 10 k | 100 k | at T (K) | 1482 | 1632 | 1817 | 2054 | 2364 | 2790 | |
Atomic properties |
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Oxidation states | −2, −1, +1, +2, +3 (an amphoteric oxide) |
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Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 1.61 |
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Ionisation energies | |
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Atomic radius | empirical: 143 pm |
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Covalent radius | 7002121000000000000♠121±4 pm |
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Van der Waals radius | 184 pm |
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Spectral lines o alumeenium |
Ither properties |
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Naitural occurrence | primordial |
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Creestal structur | face-centred cubic (fcc) |
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Speed o soond thin rod | (rowed) 5,000 m/s (at r.t.) |
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Thermal expansion | 23.1 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C) |
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Thermal conductivity | 237 W/(m·K) |
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Electrical resistivity | 28.2 n Ω·m (at 20 °C) |
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Magnetic orderin | paramagnetic |
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Young's modulus | 70 GPa |
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Shear modulus | 26 GPa |
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Bulk modulus | 76 GPa |
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Poisson ratio | 0.35 |
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Mohs haurdness | 2.75 |
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Vickers haurdness | 167 MPa |
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Brinell haurdness | 245 MPa |
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CAS Nummer | 7429-90-5 |
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History |
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Prediction | Antoine Lavoisier (1787) |
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First isolation | Friedrich Wöhler (1827) |
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Named by | Humphry Davy (1807) |
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Main isotopes o alumeenium |
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| references |