Consonants | IPA | Examples | b | buy, cab | d | dye, cad, do | ð | thy, breathe, father | dʒ | giant, badge, jam | f | fan, caff, phi | ɡ (ɡ) | guy, bag | h | high, ahead | hw | why | j | yes, hallelujah | k | sky, crack | l | lie, sly, gal | m | my, smile, cam | n | nigh, snide, can | ŋ | sang, sink, singer | θ | thigh, math | p | pie, spy, cap | r | rye, try, very | s | sigh, mass | ʃ | shy, cash, emotion | t | tie, sty, cat, atom | tʃ | china, catch | v | vie, have | w | wye, swine | z | zoo, has | ʒ | equation, pleasure, vision, beige | Marginal consonants | x | ugh, loch, Chanukah | ʔ | uh-oh /ˈʔʌʔoʊ/ | ˜ | bon vivant /ˌbɒ̃ viːˈvɒ̃/ | | Vouels | IPA | Full vouels | IPA | ... follaed bi R | ɑː | PALM, father, bra | ɑːr | START, bard, barn, snarl, star | ɒ | LOT, pod, John | ɒr | moral, forage | æ | TRAP, pad, ban | ær | barrow, marry | aɪ | PRICE, ride, file, fine, pie | aɪər | Ireland, hire (= /aɪr/) | aɪ.ər | higher, buyer | aʊ | MOUTH, loud, foul, down, how | aʊər | flour (= /aʊr/) | aʊ.ər | flower | ɛ | DRESS, bet, fell, men | ɛr | error, merry | eɪ | FACE, made, fail, vein, pay | ɛər | SQUARE, mare, scarce, cairn, Mary (= /eɪr/) | eɪ.ər | layer (one who lays) | ɪ | KIT, lid, fill, bin | ɪr | mirror, Sirius | iː | FLEECE, seed, feel, mean, sea | ɪər | NEAR, beard, fierce, serious (= /iːr/) | iː.ər | freer | ɔː | THOUGHT, Maud, dawn, fall, straw | ɔːr | NORTH, born, war, Laura | ɔː.ər | sawer | ɔɪ | CHOICE, void, foil, coin, boy | ɔɪər | coir (= /ɔɪr/) | ɔɪ.ər | employer | oʊ | GOAT, code, foal, bone, go | ɔər | FORCE, more, boar, oral (= /oʊr/) | oʊ.ər | mower | ʊ | FOOT, good, full, woman | ʊr | courier | uː | GOOSE, food, fool, soon, do | ʊər | boor, moor, tourist (= /uːr/) | uː.ər | truer | juː | cute, mule, puny, beauty, huge, tune | jʊər | cure (= /juːr/) | juː.ər | fewer | ʌ | STRUT, bud, dull, gun | ɜːr | NURSE, word, girl, fern, furry | ʌr | hurry, nourish (in the UK) | Reduced vouels | ə | COMMA, Rosa's, ago, quiet, focus | ər | LETTER, perceive | əl | bottle (either [əl] or [l̩]) | ən | button (either [ən] or [n̩]) | əm | rhythm (either [əm] or [m̩]) | i | HAPPY, serious (either /ɪ/ or /iː/) | u | situation (either /ʊ/ or /uː/) | ᵻ | roses, enough (either /ɪ/ or /ə/) | ᵿ | beautiful, curriculum ([jᵿ]) (either /ʊ/ or /ə/) | | Stress | Syllabification | IPA | Examples | IPA | Examples | ˈ | intonation /ˌɪntəˈneɪʃən/, battleship /ˈbætəlʃɪp/ | . | /haɪər/ hire, /haɪ.ər/ higher | ˌ | |