The Ancient Greek pronunciation shown here is a reconstruction of the Attic dialect in the 5th century BC. Do not use the same symbols for other Ancient Greek dialects, such as Doric, Aeolic, or Koine Greek, as they may be inaccurate.
See Ancient Greek phonology and Modern Greek phonology for a more thorough look at their sounds.
Consonants IPA | AG | MG | Example | English approximation | c | | κ | κιόλας | skew | k | κ, ξ | κατά, ξένος | scar | kʰ | χ | | χάρτης | car | x | | χ | similar to hat, Scottish English: loch | ç | | χέρι | hue | j | ι | | εἴη | toy yacht | ʝ | | γ | γη | yes | ɣ | | γάλα | similar to woman, but with spread lips | ɡ | γ | | again | | γκ γγ | εγκώμιο | ɟ | | άγγελος | argue | p | π, ψ | πέτρα, ψυχή | spy | pʰ | φ | | φως | paint | f | | φ | four | v | | β, υ | βέλος | vet | b | β | | about | | μπ | μπαμπάς | w | υ | | παύω | well | t | τ | τάφος | stay | tʰ | θ | | θεός | take | θ | | θ | thought | ð | | δ | δούλη | the | d | δ | | today | | ντ | εντάξει | h | ῾◌ | | ἥρως | hat | l | λ | λόγος | look | ʎ | | λ | ελιά | million | m | μ | μοίρα | mole | n | ν | ναι | no | ɲ | | ν | νιότη | onion | ŋ | γ | άγχος | sing | r | ρ | ώρα | trilled r like in Spanish | r̥ | ῥ | | ῥίζα | similar to train | s | σ, ς ξ, ψ | σοφός, ψυχή, ξένος | sow, usually retracted | z | ζ, σ | κόσμος, ζωή | zoo, usually retracted | t͡s | | τσ | τσάι | cats, retracted in most cases | d͡z | ζ | τζ | τζάκι | pads, retracted in most cases | Dialectal segments IPA | English approximation | ʃ | shame | ɕ | ʒ | vision | ʑ | t͡ʃ | check | t͡ɕ | d͡ʒ | jam | d͡ʑ | æ | cat | IPA | Explanation | ◌ː | marks a consonant produced twice as long | | Vowels Monophthongs | IPA | AG | MG | Example | English approximation | a | ᾰ | α | άρτος | father, but shorter | aː | ᾱ | | χώρᾱ | father | ɛː | η | | ψυχή | met, but longer | e | ε | θεός | met | eː | ει | | εἰμί | bay | i | ῐ | ι | ίδιος | like neat | iː | ῑ | | πίνω | like need | oː | ω | | ἐγώ | boil | o | | ω | similar to note (American English) | ο | οδός | uː | ου | | μου | similar to mood | u | | ου | pool | y | ῠ | | φύσις | few | yː | ῡ | | ψυχή | fume | Diphthongs | IPA | AG | MG | Example | English approximation | ai̯ | αι | | αἴτιος, πάλαι, ψῡχαί | tie | | αϊ | | au̯ | αυ | | αὐτός | how | | αου | | ei̯ | ει | | εἴη | hey | | έι | | eu̯ | ευ | | εὖ | Italian and Spanish neutro | | εου | | oi̯ | οι | | οἶδα, λόγοι | toy | | όι | | yi̯ | υι | | υἱός | | aːi̯ | ᾳ | | ᾄδω, χώρᾳ | | ɛːi̯ | ῃ | | ᾖς, ψυχῇ | | ɔːi̯ | ῳ | | ᾠδή, λόγῳ | | Suprasegmentals | IPA | AG | MG | Example | Explanation | ◌́ | ´ | | γάλα [ɡála] | high tone | ◌̌ | ´ | | ἐγώ [eɡɔ̌ː] | rising tone | ◌ | ` | | μὲν [men] | mid tone | ◌̂ | ῀ | | γῆ [ɡɛ̂ː] | falling tone | ˈ | | ΄ | άλλος [ˈa.los] | stress | . | | syllable break | |
Notes
External links
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