現

Translingual edit

Stroke order
Japan

Han character edit

現 (Kangxi radical 96, 玉+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 一土月山山 (MGBUU), four-corner 1611₀, composition ⿰𤣩見)

Derived characters edit

𠻷, 𣎔, 𡠝

Related characters edit

现 (Simplified Chinese)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 732, character 22
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21004
Dae Jaweon: page 1143, character 18
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1116, character 3
Unihan data for U+73FE

Chinese edit

trad.		現
simp.		现
alternative forms		見／见

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (見) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
涀	ɡeːlʔ, kʰeːns, *ɡeːns
莧	*ɡreːns
粯	*ɡreːns
晛	ŋl'eːns, ɡeːnʔ
筧	*keːnʔ
絸	*keːnʔ
垷	keːnʔ, ɡeːnʔ
挸	*keːnʔ
見	keːns, ɡeːns
俔	kʰeːns, ɡeːnʔ
蜆	kʰeːns, qʰeːnʔ, *ɡeːnʔ
硯	ŋɡeːn, ŋɡeːns
峴	*ɡeːnʔ
哯	*ɡeːnʔ
睍	*ɡeːnʔ
現	*ɡeːns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡeːns) : semantic 玉 (“jewel”) + phonetic 見 (OC *keːns, *ɡeːns).

Etymology edit

Stativized form of the transitive verb 見 (OC *keːns, “to see”), formed by a nasal prefix and expressing the sense "to be visible; to appear" (Mei, 2012).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ
(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xian⁴
(Dungan, Cyrillic and Dictionary): щүан (xüan, II) / щян (xi͡an, III)
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin⁶
(Taishan, Dictionary): yen⁵
Gan (Dictionary): xien⁵
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hien / hian
(Meixian, Guangdong): hian⁴
Jin (Dictionary): xie³
Northern Min (KCR): hīng
Eastern Min (BUC): hiêng
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): hiān / hiàn
(Teochew, Peng'im): hing⁷ / hêng⁷ / hiang⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶yi
Xiang (Changsha, Dictionary): xienn⁵ / xienn⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Yale: syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: xian⁴
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xian
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛn²¹³/
- (Dungan)
  - Cyrillic and Dictionary: щүан (xüan, II) / щян (xi͡an, III)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕyæ̃⁵¹/, /ɕiæ̃⁴⁴/
  (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin⁶
  - Yale: yihn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²²/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Dictionary: yen⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jen³²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Dictionary: xien⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕiɛn¹¹/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hien
  - Hakka Romanization System: hien
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯en⁵⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hian
  - Hakka Romanization System: hian
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hi̯an⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: hian⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /hian⁵³/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Dictionary: xie³
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /ɕie⁴⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: hīng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xiŋ⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: hiêng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiɛŋ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiān
  - Tâi-lô: hiān
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hien
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /hiɛn⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hiɛn²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /hiɛn³³/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàn
  - Tâi-lô: hiàn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiexn
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn¹¹/

Note: hiàn - vernacular, probably substitute for 獻.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: hing⁷ / hêng⁷ / hiang⁷
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hīng / hēng / hiāng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hiŋ¹¹/, /heŋ¹¹/, /hiaŋ¹¹/

Note:

hing7 - Chaozhou, Shantou, Chenghai, Raoping;
hêng7 - Jieyang;
hiang7 - Chaoyang, Puning, Huilai.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶yi
  - MiniDict: yi^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³hhi
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Dictionary: xienn⁵ / xienn⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ẽ²¹/, /ɕi̯ẽ⁴⁵/

Middle Chinese: henH

Rime
Character	現
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	先 (85)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	胡甸切
Baxter	henH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦen^H/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦen^H/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛn^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛn^H/
Li Rong	/ɣen^H/
Wang Li	/ɣien^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣien^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*N-[k]ˤen-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*ɡeːns/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	現
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xiàn
Middle Chinese	‹ hen^H ›
Old Chinese	/*N-[k]ˁen-s/
English	appear
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	現
Reading #	1/1
No.	6207
Phonetic component	見
Rime group	元
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	見
Old Chinese	/*ɡeːns/
Notes	俗同見

Definitions edit

現

present; current
to appear; to manifest; to become visible
now
- 現我只想與祢同去　終此世　居於祢愛裡 [Literary Cantonese, trad.]
  现我只想与祢同去　终此世　居于祢爱里 [Literary Cantonese, simp.]
  From: 2020, 原始和聲 [Raw Harmony], lyrics by 李俊霆 [Matthew Li], 願盡我一生
  jin⁶ ngo⁵ zi² soeng² jyu⁵ nei⁵ tung⁴ heoi³, zung¹ ci² sai³, geoi¹ jyu¹ nei⁵ oi³ leoi⁵ [Jyutping]
  Now, I only want to go with You, dwelling in Your love this whole life
on the spot; then and there
現殺現賣／现杀现卖 ― xiàn shā xiàn mài ― slaughtered fresh and sold fresh
現學現賣／现学现卖 ― xiànxuéxiànmài ― immediately wielding new knowledge

Compounds edit

一切現成／一切现成
丟人現眼／丢人现眼 (diūrénxiànyǎn)
乍現／乍现
兌現／兑现 (duìxiàn)
公告現值／公告现值
再現／再现 (zàixiàn)
凝血現象／凝血现象
出現／出现 (chūxiàn)
吃現成／吃现成
吃現成飯／吃现成饭
呈現／呈现 (chéngxiàn)
圖窮匕現／图穷匕现 (túqióngbǐxiàn)
安於現狀／安于现状 (ānyúxiànzhuàng)
實現／实现 (shíxiàn)
封鎖現場／封锁现场
展現／展现 (zhǎnxiàn)
平分售現／平分售现
忽隱忽現／忽隐忽现
愛現／爱现 (àixiàn)
應物現形／应物现形
打嘴現世／打嘴现世
投現／投现
撿現成／捡现成
映現／映现
曇花一現／昙花一现 (tánhuāyīxiàn)
曙光乍現／曙光乍现
毛細現象／毛细现象 (máoxì xiànxiàng)
活現／活现 (huóxiàn)
活神活現／活神活现
活靈活現／活灵活现 (huólínghuóxiàn)
活龍活現／活龙活现 (huólónghuóxiàn)
浮現／浮现 (fúxiàn)
湧現／涌现 (yǒngxiàn)
湊現成／凑现成
犯罪現場／犯罪现场 (fànzuì xiànchǎng)
現下／现下 (xiànxià)
現世／现世 (xiànshì)
現世報／现世报 (xiànshìbào)
現世寶／现世宝
現世現報／现世现报
現世界／现世界
現今／现今 (xiànjīn)
現代／现代 (xiàndài)
現代主義／现代主义 (xiàndài zhǔyì)
現代人／现代人 (xiàndàirén)
現代化／现代化 (xiàndàihuà)
現代史／现代史
現代建築／现代建筑
現代繪畫／现代绘画
現代舞／现代舞 (xiàndàiwǔ)
現代芭蕾／现代芭蕾
現代藝術／现代艺术
現代詩／现代诗
現任／现任 (xiànrèn)
現值／现值
現出／现出 (xiànchū)
現出原身／现出原身
現前／现前
現勢／现势
現在／现在
現址／现址 (xiànzhǐ)
現場／现场 (xiànchǎng)
現場節目／现场节目
現大洋／现大洋 (xiàndàyáng)
現存／现存 (xiàncún)
現實／现实 (xiànshí)
現實主義／现实主义 (xiànshí zhǔyì)
現弄／现弄
現形／现形 (xiànxíng)
現役／现役 (xiànyì)
現役軍人／现役军人
現成／现成 (xiànchéng)
現成話／现成话
現成飯／现成饭
現時／现时 (xiànshí)
現時報／现时报
現期／现期
現款／现款 (xiànkuǎn)
現況／现况 (xiànkuàng)
現洋／现洋 (xiànyáng)
現狀／现状 (xiànzhuàng)
現現成成／现现成成
現眼／现眼 (xiànyǎn)
現職／现职 (xiànzhí)
現行／现行 (xiànxíng)
現行法／现行法
現行犯／现行犯 (xiànxíngfàn)
現象／现象 (xiànxiàng)
現貨／现货 (xiànhuò)
現貨市場／现货市场
現買現賣／现买现卖
現賣／现卖
現身／现身 (xiànshēn)
現身說法／现身说法
現金／现金 (xiànjīn)
現金帳／现金帐 (xiànjīnzhàng)
現金救助／现金救助
現金給付／现金给付
現金股利／现金股利
現鈔／现钞 (xiànchāo)
現錢／现钱 (xiànqián)
現階段／现阶段
發現／发现 (fāxiàn)
發現學習／发现学习
社會現象／社会现象 (shèhuì xiànxiàng)
神氣活現／神气活现
競合現象／竞合现象
第一現場／第一现场 (dì-yī xiànchǎng)
節目現場／节目现场
聖嬰現象／圣婴现象 (shèngyīng xiànxiàng)
自我實現／自我实现
自我表現／自我表现 (zìwǒ biǎoxiàn)
自然現象／自然现象 (zìrán xiànxiàng)
良心發現／良心发现
若隱若現／若隐若现 (ruòyǐnruòxiàn)
虹吸現象／虹吸现象
表現／表现 (biǎoxiàn)
表現主義／表现主义 (biǎoxiànzhǔyì)
貼現／贴现
貼現率／贴现率
貼現窗口／贴现窗口
退化現象／退化现象
退現／退现
重現／重现 (chóngxiàn)
重現江湖／重现江湖
重貼現率／重贴现率
針孔現象／针孔现象
閃現／闪现 (shǎnxiàn)
隱現／隐现
顯現／显现 (xiǎnxiàn)
體現／体现 (tǐxiàn)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

現

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

present
existing

Readings edit

Go-on: げん (gen, Jōyō)
Kan-on: けん (ken)
Kun: あらわす (arawasu, 現す, Jōyō); あらわれる (arawareru, 現れる, Jōyō); うつつ (utsutsu, 現つ)

Compounds edit

現(げん)代(だい) (gendai): the present day, modern times
現(げん)実(じつ) (genjitsu): reality
現(げん)金(きん) (genkin): cash
現(げん)在(ざい) (genzai): the present, now
現(げん)在(ざい)地(ち) (genzaichi): you are here

Pronunciation edit

Kanji in this term
現
うつ(つ) Grade: 5
kun’yomi

(Tokyo) うつつ [ùtsútsú] (Heiban – [0])
(Tokyo) うつつ [ùtsútsúꜜ] (Odaka – [3])
IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝt͡sɨ̥ᵝt͡sɨᵝ]

Noun edit

現(うつつ) • (utsutsu)

reality or consciousness, as opposed to a dream state or unconsciousness
夢(ゆめ)と現(うつつ)の間(あいだ)
yume to utsutsu no aida
in between dreams and reality
- 2003 January 27, Mashiba, Shin, “第(だい)八(はち)夜(や)　合(アワセ)鏡(カガミ)（後(コウ)編(ヘン))”, in [夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん) ([夢](ゆめ)[喰](くい)[見](けん)[聞](ぶん)), volume 2 (fiction), Tokyo: Square Enix, page 7:
  さあ　眠(ねむ)れしばし現(うつつ)にお別(わか)れだ
  Sā nemure shibashi utsutsu ni owakare da
  Well then, say goodbye to reality for the time being, and go to sleep

Derived terms edit

現(うつつ)を抜(ぬ)かす (utsutsu o nukasu)

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 現 (MC henH).

Historical readings
Recorded as Middle Korean 見/ᅘᅧᆫ〮 (Yale: hhyén) in Dongguk Jeongun (東國正韻 / 동국정운), 1448. Recorded as Early Modern Korean 見/현 (Yale: hyen) in Samun Seonghwi (三韻聲彙 / 삼운성휘), 1751.

Pronunciation edit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [çɘ(ː)n]
Phonetic hangul: [현(ː)]
- Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.