撤

Translingual edit

Han character edit

撤 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+11 in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 手+12 in Chinese (mainland China, Hong Kong), Japanese and Korean, 14 strokes in traditional Chinese (Taiwan), 15 strokes in mainland China and Japanese and Korean, cangjie input 手卜月大 (QYBK) or 手大月大 (QKBK), four-corner 5804₀, composition ⿲扌育攵)

Related characters edit

徹

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 455, character 10
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 12726
Dae Jaweon: page 804, character 16
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1962, character 3
Unihan data for U+64A4

Chinese edit

trad.		撤
simp. ^#		撤
2nd round simp.		𢪃
alternative forms		徹／彻

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (徹) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
徹	*tʰed
撤	tʰed, ded
澈	*ded
轍	*ded

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰed, *ded) : semantic 扌 (“hand”) + abbreviated phonetic 徹 (OC *tʰed) – to remove by hand.

Etymology edit

Cognate with 徹 (OC *tʰed, “to remove”). See there for more.

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): chè (che⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄔㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): cit³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): chha̍t
(Meixian, Guangdong): cad⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): tiék
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): thiat / thet
(Teochew, Peng'im): tiêg⁴ / tiag⁴
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁷tsheq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: chè
  - Zhuyin: ㄔㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: chè
  - Wade–Giles: chʻê⁴
  - Yale: chè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheh
  - Palladius: чэ (čɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂʰɤ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: cit³
  - Yale: chit
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsit⁸
  - Guangdong Romanization: qid³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiːt̚³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chha̍t
  - Hakka Romanization System: cad
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: cad⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: tiék
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiɛʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiat
  - Tâi-lô: thiat
  - Phofsit Daibuun: tiad
  - IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Nan'an): /tʰiɛt̚⁵/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Yongchun, Changtai, Zhangpu, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛt̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thet
  - Tâi-lô: thet
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ted
  - IPA (Hui'an): /tʰet̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: tiêg⁴ / tiag⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thiek / thiak
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰiek̚²/, /tʰiak̚²/

Note:

tiêg4 - Chaozhou;
tiag4 - Shantou.

Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁷tsheq
  - MiniDict: tsheh^入
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴tsheq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰəʔ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: drjet, trhjet

Rime
Character	撤	撤
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	澄 (11)	徹 (10)
Final (韻)	仙 (83)	仙 (83)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	直列切	丑列切
Baxter	drjet	trhjet
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɖˠiᴇt̚/	/ʈʰˠiᴇt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖᵚiɛt̚/	/ʈʰᵚiɛt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ȡiæt̚/	/ȶʰiæt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖiat̚/	/ʈʰiat̚/
Li Rong	/ȡjɛt̚/	/ȶʰjɛt̚/
Wang Li	/ȡĭɛt̚/	/ȶʰĭɛt̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ȡʱi̯ɛt̚/	/ȶʰi̯ɛt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhé	che
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zit⁶	cit³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*m-tʰret/, /*tʰret/
(Zhengzhang): /*tʰed/, /*ded/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	撤	撤
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	chè	chè
Middle Chinese	‹ drjet ›	‹ trhjet ›
Old Chinese	/*m-tʰret/	/*tʰret/
English	remove, take away	remove, take away
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	撤	撤
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1320	1321
Phonetic component	徹	徹
Rime group	月	月
Rime subdivision	2	2
Corresponding MC rime	屮	轍
Old Chinese	/*tʰed/	/*ded/
Notes		徹轉註字

Definitions edit

撤

to take away; to remove; to clear away
to withdraw; to retreat
to lighten; to ease; to alleviate; to lessen; to relieve

Synonyms edit

(to remove):

免
免除 (miǎnchú)
刷 (colloquial)
削 (literary, or in compounds)
削除 (xuēchú)
去掉 (qùdiào)
去除 (qùchú)
報銷／报销 (bàoxiāo) (figurative, humorous)
屏除 (bǐngchú)
廓清 (kuòqīng)
打掉 (dǎdiào)
掃／扫
排解 (páijiě)
排除 (páichú)
掃除／扫除 (sǎochú) (figurative)
摒除 (bìngchú)
撤除 (chèchú)
消 (xiāo)
消弭 (xiāomǐ) (literary)
消解 (xiāojiě)
消釋／消释 (xiāoshì) (figurative)
消除 (xiāochú)
淘汰 (táotài)
清洗 (qīngxǐ) (figurative)
清除 (qīngchú)
破 (pò) (literary, or in compounds)
破壞／破坏 (pòhuài)
破除 (pòchú)
祛除 (qūchú)
罷／罢
翦落 (jiǎnluò) (literary)
肅清／肃清 (sùqīng)
蕩／荡 (dàng) (literary, or in compounds)
解釋／解释 (jiěshì) (archaic)
解除 (jiěchú)
鋤／锄 (chú)
鏟除／铲除 (chǎnchú)
除
除去 (chúqù)
除忒 (Hakka)
除掉 (chúdiào)
除開／除开 (chúkāi)
革除 (géchú)
驅散／驱散 (qūsàn)
驅走／驱走 (qūzǒu)
驅除／驱除 (qūchú)

(to withdraw):

捨去／舍去 (shěqù) (literary)
背離／背离 (bèilí)
走 (zǒu)
退 (tuì)
退出 (tuìchū)
遠／远 (literary)
遠離／远离 (yuǎnlí)
離去／离去 (líqù)
離逖／离逖 (lítì)
離開／离开 (líkāi)

(to lighten):

削 (literary, or in compounds)
削減／削减 (xuējiǎn)
壓縮／压缩 (yāsuō)
損／损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
收縮／收缩 (shōusuō)
消減／消减 (xiāojiǎn)
減低／减低 (jiǎndī)
減少／减少 (jiǎnshǎo)
減損／减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
減輕／减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
省卻／省却 (shěngquè)
砍 (kǎn)
緊縮／紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
縮減／缩减 (suōjiǎn)
耗
裁 (cái)
裁汰 (cáitài) (literary)
裁減／裁减 (cáijiǎn)
鐫汰／镌汰 (juāntài) (literary)
降低 (jiàngdī)

Compounds edit

撤任
撤佃
撤併／撤并
撤保
撤兵 (chèbīng)
撤回 (chèhuí)
撤守
撤差 (chèchāi)
撤席
撤廢／撤废 (chèfèi)
撤懲／撤惩
撤抹
撤換／撤换 (chèhuàn)
撲撤／扑撤
撤棘
撤消 (chèxiāo)
撤瑟
撤簾／撤帘
撤職／撤职 (chèzhí)
撤脫／撤脱
撤資／撤资 (chèzī)
撤身
撤軍／撤军 (chèjūn)
撤退 (chètuì)
撤銷／撤销 (chèxiāo)
撤銷權／撤销权
撤防 (chèfáng)
撤除 (chèchú)
撤離／撤离 (chèlí)
裁撤 (cáichè)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

撤

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

withdraw

Readings edit

Go-on: てち (techi)
Kan-on: てつ (tetsu, Jōyō)
Kun: すてる (suteru, 撤てる); ひらく (hiraku)

Korean edit

Etymology edit

From Middle Chinese 撤 (MC drjet).

Historical Readings
Dongguk Jeongun Reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	뗘ᇙ〮 (Yale: ttyélq)

Pronunciation edit

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹ɭ]
Phonetic hangul: [철]

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

撤

Wikisource

撤 (eumhun 거둘 철 (geodul cheol))

Hanja form^? of 철 (“to withdraw”).

Compounds edit

Compounds

철회 (撤回, cheolhoe)
철수 (撤收, cheolsu)
철폐 (撤廢, cheolpye)
철거 (撤去, cheolgeo)
철군 (撤軍, cheolgun)
철퇴 (撤退, cheoltoe)

References edit

국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

撤: Hán Nôm readings: triệt, trẹt, trê, trệt, trịt

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