Translingual edit
Glyph origin edit
| Old Chinese |
|---|
| 唉 | *qʰlɯː, *qɯː, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ |
| 埃 | *qlɯː |
| 欸 | *qɯː, *qʰrɯːs |
| 娭 | *qɯː, *qʰlɯ |
| 挨 | *qlɯːʔ, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ |
| 騃 | *ŋrɯːʔ, *sɢrɯʔ |
| 俟 | *sɢrɯʔ, *ɡlɯl |
| 竢 | *sɢrɯʔ |
| 涘 | *sɢrɯʔ |
| 誒 | *qʰlɯ |
| 矣 | *ɢlɯʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qlɯːʔ, *qrɯː, *qrɯːʔ) : semantic 扌 + phonetic 矣 (OC *ɢlɯʔ).
Pronunciation 1 edit
Note: The zero initial /∅-/ is commonly pronounced with a ng-initial /ŋ-/ in some varieties of Cantonese, including Hong Kong Cantonese.
Note:
- ă̤ - vernacular;
- ăi - literary.
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Kinmen, Magong, Hsinchu)
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung, Tainan, Taichung, Yilan)
- (Hokkien: Sanxia)
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
Note:
- oe/e/ere - vernacular;
- ai - literary.
Note:
- oi1 - vernacular;
- ai1 - literary.
Note:
- 1a - vernacular;
- 1e - literary.
| Zhengzhang system (2003) |
|---|
| Character | 挨 | 挨 | 挨 |
|---|
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
|---|
| No. | 14937 | 14939 | 14941 |
|---|
Phonetic
component | 矣 | 矣 | 矣 |
|---|
Rime
group | 之 | 之 | 之 |
|---|
Rime
subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
|---|
Corresponding
MC rime | 欸 | | 挨 |
|---|
Old
Chinese | /*qlɯːʔ/ | /*qrɯː/ | /*qrɯːʔ/ |
|---|
| Notes | | 廣韻乙諧切右從俟 | |
|---|
Definitions edit
挨
- to hit from behind; to hit the back
- to get close to; to be next to
左邊的車門打開前，千萬不要去挨車門咯。 [Sichuanese, trad.]
左边的车门打开前，千万不要去挨车门咯。 [Sichuanese, simp.]- From: Chongqing Metro Line 4 broadcasts
- Before the doors on the left open, don't approach the train doors!
- to depend on; to rely on
- to crowd; to push and squeeze
- to follow in sequence; to be someone's turn; to go one by one
- 挨家挨戶／挨家挨户 (āijiā'āihù, “from door to door, from house to house”)
- 一個挨一個地過／一个挨一个地过 ― yīge ái yīge de guò ― to go one by one
- (dialectal Mandarin) at
- (Cantonese) to lean on
- (Hokkien, Teochew) to grind
- (Hokkien, Hakka) to play (a stringed instrument)
- (Fuqing Eastern Min) to push
Synonyms edit
- 守 (shǒu)
- 挨著／挨着 (āizhe)
- 接觸／接触 (jiēchù)
- 搭倚 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
- 攏／拢 (lǒng) (literary, or in compounds)
- 攏邊／拢边 (long3 bienn1) (Xiang)
- 沾
- 涉獵／涉猎 (shèliè)
- 湊／凑 (còu)
- 觸及／触及 (chùjí)
- 近前 (jìnqián) (literary)
- 靠攏／靠拢 (kàolǒng)
- 靠近 (kàojìn)
Dialectal synonyms of
在 (“at, in”)
[map] | Variety | Location | Words |
|---|
| Classical Chinese | 於 |
|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 在 |
|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | 在, 挨, 跟, 的 |
|---|
| Taiwan | 在 |
| Harbin | 在 |
| Jinan | 在, 從 |
| Wanrong | 在 |
| Xi'an | 在 |
| Ürümqi | 在 |
| Wuhan | 在 |
| Chengdu | 在 |
| Guiyang | 在 |
| Guilin | 在 |
| Liuzhou | 在 |
| Yangzhou | 在 |
| Nanjing | 在 |
| Hefei | 在 |
| Malaysia | 在 |
| Singapore | 在 |
| Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 喺, 響 |
|---|
| Hong Kong | 喺, 響 |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 喺, 在 |
| Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 喺, 響 |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 在 |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 在 |
| Macau | 喺 |
| Guangzhou (Panyu) | 喺, 響 |
| Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 響, 喺 |
| Guangzhou (Conghua) | 在 |
| Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 在 |
| Foshan | 喺, 響 |
| Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 喺, 響 |
| Foshan (Shunde) | 喺 |
| Foshan (Sanshui) | 喺 |
| Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 喺, 響 |
| Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 在 |
| Zhuhai (Qianshan) | 在 |
| Zhuhai (Doumen, Shangheng Tanka) | 響, 揀 |
| Zhuhai (Doumen) | 揀 |
| Jiangmen (Baisha) | 喺 |
| Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 喺 |
| Taishan | 到, 響 |
| Kaiping (Chikan) | 到, 響 |
| Enping (Niujiang) | 到, 響 |
| Heshan (Yayao) | 響 |
| Dongguan | 響, 在, 喺 |
| Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 在 |
| Yangjiang | 在 |
| Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 喺, 響 |
| Singapore (Guangfu) | 喺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 在 |
|---|
| Lichuan | 在 |
| Pingxiang | 在 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 嗨 |
|---|
| Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 在 |
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 在 |
| Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 在 |
| Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 在 |
| Conghua (Lütian) | 在 |
| Yudu | 在 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 在 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 在 |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 在 |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 在 |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 在 |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 在 |
| Hong Kong | 在 |
| Senai (Huiyang) | 在 |
| Kuching (Hepo) | 在 |
| Singapore (Dabu) | 在 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 在 |
|---|
| Xinzhou | 在 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 到 |
|---|
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 著, 在, 洽 |
|---|
| Fuqing | 著, 洽 |
| Singapore (Fuqing) | 著 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
|---|
| Quanzhou | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Zhangzhou | 佇, 咧, 蹛 |
| Zhao'an | 佇, 蹛 |
| Taipei | 佇 |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 佇 |
| Kaohsiung | 佇 |
| Yilan | 佇 |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 佇 |
| Taichung | 佇 |
| Tainan | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Hsinchu | 佇 |
| Kinmen | 佇 |
| Penghu (Magong) | 佇 |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 佇, 蹛 |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 佇, 壏 |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 佇, 踮 |
| Chaozhou | 在 |
| Shantou | 在 |
| Shantou (Chenghai) | 在 |
| Shantou (Chaoyang) | 在 |
| Jieyang | 在, 壏, 放 |
| Haifeng | 著 |
| Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 在 |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 在, 壏 |
| Leizhou | 佇, 放 |
| Wenchang | 佇 |
| Singapore (Hainanese) | 佇 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 在 |
|---|
| Wu | Shanghai | 辣, 辣辣, 辣海, 辣該 |
|---|
| Suzhou | 勒 |
| Danyang | 在 |
| Hangzhou | 勒, 勒哈, 在 |
| Ningbo | 來, 來勒, 來的, 來東, 來當, 來該 |
| Wenzhou | 是 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 在 |
|---|
| Loudi | 在 |
| Shuangfeng | 在 |
Dialectal synonyms of
拉 (“to play (a stringed instrument, e.g. the erhu)”)
[map] | Variety | Location | Words |
|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 拉 |
|---|
| Mandarin | Taiwan | 拉 |
|---|
| Yantai (Muping) | 拉 |
| Jinan | 拉 |
| Wanrong | 拉 |
| Xi'an | 拉 |
| Ürümqi | 拉 |
| Wuhan | 鋸 |
| Guiyang | 扯 |
| Liuzhou | 扯 |
| Singapore | 拉 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 拉 |
|---|
| Hong Kong | 拉 |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 拉 |
| Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 扯 |
| Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 牙 |
| Taishan | 拉 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 扯 |
|---|
| Pingxiang | 鋸, 扯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鋸 |
|---|
| Dongguan (Qingxi) | 拉 |
| Heyuan (Bendihua) | 拉 |
| Wengyuan | 拉 |
| Liannan | 拉 |
| Jiexi | 挨 |
| Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 牽 |
| Changting | 鋸 |
| Wuping (Yanqian) | 拉 |
| Ninghua | 鋸 |
| Yudu | 鋸 |
| Ningdu | 鋸 |
| Tonggu (Sandu) | 拉 |
| Ganzhou (Panlong) | 扯 |
| Dayu | 拉 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 鋸, 挨 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 鋸, 挨 |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 挨, 鋸 |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 鋸, 挨 |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 挨, 鋸 |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 挨 |
| Hong Kong | 拉 |
| Mengshan (Xihe) | 拉 |
| Luchuan | 拉 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 拉 |
|---|
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鋸 |
|---|
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 拉, 挨 |
|---|
| Quanzhou | 拉, 挨 |
| Zhangzhou | 拉, 挨 |
| Zhao'an | 鋸 |
| Tainan | 挨 |
| Longyan | 牽 |
| Raoping | 鋸 |
| Shantou | 鋸 |
| Jieyang | 鋸, 牽 |
| Haifeng | 鋸 |
| Wenchang | 彈 |
| Haikou | 彈 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 拉 |
|---|
| Danyang | 拉 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鋸 |
|---|
| Loudi | 鋸 |
Dialectal synonyms of
推 (“to push”)
[map] | Variety | Location | Words |
|---|
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 推 |
|---|
| Mandarin | Beijing | 推, 㩳, 搡 |
|---|
| Taiwan | 推 |
| Harbin | 㩳, 搡 |
| Jinan | 推 |
| Zhengzhou | 擁 |
| Xi'an | 掀, 推 |
| Wuhan | 推, 㩳, 揎 |
| Chengdu | 推, 揎, 捎, 搊, 㩳 |
| Guilin | 推 |
| Xuzhou | 搑 |
| Yangzhou | 推, 搡 |
| Hefei | 推, 搡 |
| Singapore | 推 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 推, 擁 |
|---|
| Hong Kong | 推, 擁 |
| Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 擁 |
| Taishan | 擁 |
| Yangjiang | 宿, 擁, 𢱤 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 推, 揎, 㩳 |
|---|
| Hakka | Meixian | 𢱤 |
|---|
| Xingning | 𢱤 |
| Huidong (Daling) | 𢱤 |
| Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 擁 |
| Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 擁 |
| Changting | 𢱤 |
| Wuping | 𢱤 |
| Wuping (Pingyu) | 𢱤 |
| Liancheng | 𢱤 |
| Ninghua | 𢱤 |
| Yudu | 𢱤 |
| Ruijin | 𢱤 |
| Shicheng | 𢱤 |
| Shangyou (Shexi) | 𢱤 |
| Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 𢱤 |
| Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 𢱤 |
| Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 𢱤 |
| Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 𢱤 |
| Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 𢱤 |
| Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 𢳪 |
| Hong Kong | 推, 𢱤, 擁 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 推 |
|---|
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 捵, 𢱤 |
|---|
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 捵, 𢱤 |
|---|
| Fuqing | 挨, 捵 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 㧣, 捒, 攄 |
|---|
| Quanzhou | 捒, 攄 |
| Jinjiang | 㧣 |
| Zhangzhou | 㧣, 捒, 攄 |
| Taipei | 攄 |
| New Taipei (Sanxia) | 攄 |
| Kaohsiung | 攄 |
| Yilan | 攄 |
| Changhua (Lukang) | 攄, 㧣 |
| Taichung | 攄, 㧣 |
| Tainan | 攄 |
| Hsinchu | 攄, 㧣 |
| Kinmen | 攄, 㧣 |
| Penghu (Magong) | 攄 |
| Penang (Hokkien) | 捒, 攄 |
| Singapore (Hokkien) | 㧣 |
| Manila (Hokkien) | 㧣 |
| Chaozhou | 攆, 舁 |
| Shantou | 推, 攆 |
| Jieyang | 攆 |
| Singapore (Teochew) | 攆, 㧣 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 推 |
|---|
| Suzhou | 推 |
| Ningbo | 推 |
| Wenzhou | 㨄, 推 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 寵, 推 |
|---|
| Shuangfeng | 攮, 搡 |
Compounds edit
- 挨三頂五／挨三顶五
- 挨人兒／挨人儿
- 挨個兒／挨个儿 (āigèr)
- 挨光
- 挨刀的
- 挨呲
- 挨家
- 挨家挨戶／挨家挨户 (āijiā'āihù)
- 挨山塞海
- 挨戶／挨户 (āihù)
- 挨挨兒／挨挨儿
- 挨次 (āicì)
- 挨滿／挨满
- 挨肩 (āijiān)
- 挨肩兒／挨肩儿 (āijiānr)
- 挨肩搭背
- 挨肩擦背
- 挨肩擦膀
- 挨肩擦臉／挨肩擦脸
- 挨肩疊背／挨肩叠背
- 挨親兒／挨亲儿
- 挨身
- 挨近 (āijìn)
- 挨門／挨门
- 挨門挨戶／挨门挨户 (āimén'āihù)
- 挨門逐戶／挨门逐户
- 挨靠
- 挨風緝縫／挨风缉缝
- 排門挨戶／排门挨户
- 沿門挨戶／沿门挨户
Pronunciation 2 edit
Definitions edit
挨
- to suffer; to endure; to put up with
- 挨餓／挨饿 ― ái'è ― to suffer from hunger
- to drag out; to delay; to stall
- to struggle to pull through; to wait (for a long time)
- to drag on; to scrabble for a living
Synonyms edit
- 展緩／展缓 (zhǎnhuǎn)
- 延宕 (yándàng) (literary)
- 延延 (Hokkien)
- 延後／延后 (yánhòu)
- 延期 (yánqī)
- 延緩／延缓 (yánhuǎn)
- 延誤／延误 (yánwù)
- 延遲／延迟 (yánchí)
- 拖 (tuō)
- 拖宕 (tuōdàng)
- 拖延 (tuōyán)
- 拖拉 (tuōlā)
- 拖磨 (tuōmó) (literary)
- 拖逗 (tuōdòu) (literary)
- 挨延 (Hokkien)
- 挨稽 (Hokkien)
- 挨臺／挨台 (ngai2 tai2) (Sichuanese)
- 推宕 (tuīdàng) (literary)
- 推延 (tuīyán)
- 捱延 (Hokkien)
- 捱稽 (Hokkien)
- 推遲／推迟 (tuīchí)
- 暫緩／暂缓 (zànhuǎn)
- 稽延 (jīyán) (literary)
- 緩／缓 (huǎn)
- 耗 (regional)
- 耽延 (dānyán)
- 耽擱／耽搁
- 耽誤／耽误
- 貽誤／贻误 (yíwù)
- 遲延／迟延 (chíyán)
- 遷延／迁延 (qiānyán) (literary)
- 遲滯／迟滞 (chízhì)
- 順延／顺延 (shùnyán)
Antonyms edit
- (antonym(s) of “to delay”):
Compounds edit
- 延挨
- 忍飢挨餓／忍饥挨饿
- 挨呲
- 挨延
- 挨打 (áidǎ)
- 挨打受罵／挨打受骂
- 挨捕
- 挨挨搶搶／挨挨抢抢
- 挨挨桚桚
- 挨挨蹭蹭
- 挨排
- 挨揍 (áizòu)
- 挨擠／挨挤
- 挨棍子
- 挨滿／挨满
- 挨磨
- 挨罵／挨骂 (áimà)
- 挨著
- 挨靠
- 挨風緝縫／挨风缉缝
- 挨餓／挨饿 (ái'è)
- 挨餓受凍／挨饿受冻
- 挨鬧／挨闹
- 東挨西撞／东挨西撞
See also edit
References edit
Japanese edit
挨 • (ae) (hangeul 애, McCune–Reischauer ae, Yale ay)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
Vietnamese edit
Han character edit
挨: Hán Nôm readings: ai, ẩy
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}.
