Bu̍t-Chit Siòng
Siòng (Eng-gí: phase) sī bu̍t-lí kho-ha̍k só͘ kóng chi̍t-ê khu-he̍k ê khong-kan (chi̍t-ê jia̍t-le̍k-ha̍k hē-thóng), tī pún khong-kan lāi, bu̍t-chit ê bu̍t-lí sèng-chit sī sio-siâng--ê.
Chia só͘ kóng ê bút-lí sèng-chit, sī pau-koat bi̍t-tō͘, chiat-siā-lu̍t, chû-hòa (magnetization) kap hòa-ha̍k cho͘-sêng téng hong-bīn. Ē-tàng kóng chi̍t-ê siòng tio̍h sī bu̍t-chit tī hòa-ha̍k siōng it-tì ê chi̍t-ê khu-he̍k, jî-chhiá bu̍t-lí siōng thang hông khu-pia̍t, tiāⁿ-tiāⁿ sī ē-tàng tiah hun-lî--ê.
Pí-lūn nā chi̍t-ê hâm peng-kak kap pe̍h-kún-chúi ê po-lê kan-á, peng-kak sī chi̍t-ê siòng, pe̍h-kún-chúi sī lēng-gōa chi̍t-ê siòng, lāi-bīn ê khong-khì koh sī tē-3-ê siòng. Nā kan-á ê po-lê pún-sin oa-ná sī chi̍t-ê siòng.
Siòng chit jī ū-sî hông tòng-chò bu̍t-chit chōng-thài ê khài-liām lâi sú-iōng, m̄-koh chi̍t-ê chōng-thài lāi-bīn sī ē-tàng chûn-chāi che-ê bē hō͘-siōng saⁿ-lām ê siòng. Phì-jû kâng chi̍t-ê chōng-thài lāi-té ū khó-lêng chiàu in iông-kái-tō͘ lâi pun chhut bô-kâng ê siòng.
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