羌
羌，青藏高原及其邊沿古族也。古華夏以藏緬語族統稱曰羌。
殷墟甲骨載有羌方之名。《詩·商頌》雲：「昔有成湯，自彼氐羌。」《書·牧誓》曰：「及庸、蜀、羌、髳、微、盧、彭、濮人。」秦厲共公時有無弋爰劍者，為秦所拘執，後得亡歸。漢時，羌南接蜀、漢僥外蠻夷，西北接鄯善、車師諸國。所居無常，依隨水草。地少五谷，以產牧為業。其俗氏族無定，或以父名母姓為種號。東漢有燒當、先零之亂，十六國，羌酋姚萇於長安立國後秦。趙宋時，党項羌於朔方、河西立國西夏。近代而後，以四川省阿壩州、甘孜州、綿陽市、貴州省銅仁市之爾瑪人，專稱為羌族。
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