內閣,起於明,立者成祖,輔皇上也。太祖廢中書、相,日益忙碌,故成祖即,特簡解縉、胡廣、楊士奇等直文淵閣,参機務,為內閣也。
洪武九年,汰平章政事、參知政事。洪武十三年正月,誅丞相胡惟庸,罷中書省。洪武十五年,仿宋制,置華蓋殿、武英殿、文淵閣、東閣諸大學士,禮部尚書邵質為華蓋,檢討吳伯宗為武英,翰林學士宋訥為文淵,典籍吳沉為東閣。又置文華殿大學士,徵耆儒鮑恂、餘詮、張長年等為之,以輔導太子。秩皆正五品。洪武二十八年敕諭羣臣:「國家罷丞相,設府、部、院、寺以分理庶務,立法至為詳善。以後嗣君,其毋得議置丞相。臣下有奏請設立者,論以極刑。」建文中,改大學士為學士。悉罷諸大學士,各設學士一人,又改謹身殿為正心殿,設正心殿學士。及明成祖即位,特簡解縉、胡廣、楊榮等直文淵閣,參預機務。閣臣之預務自此始。初,內閣之大學士止能輔,大權於上。
後至仁宗,位益高,權益大。
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