崑曲者,聲腔也。源之崑山,唱以曲牌聯用,奏以曲笛三絃,白以中州官話。
明正德年前,南戲作者多無可考者,而辭亦鄙近,無定音律。又其各囿於地域,同文而異腔者比比。有魏良輔者,江西人,能諧音律,久滯太倉,交張野塘,以南北曲之不相洽,變弋陽海鹽二腔,混一而成,俾南曲收音純細,而使北曲轉無北氣,複變樂器,合笛管笙琴琵琶弦子於一堂,致調用水磨,拍牙冷板,號謂崑曲。崑山梁辰魚,繼其踵作《浣紗》一劇,率用新調,一時文人優伶爭習,以是風靡南北。崑曲於明清二朝,風氣所趨,自盛而衰也。明嘉靖而至清康熙,崑曲之盛,殆非他腔之所能逮者,然迨花部起,風潮遂變,崑曲漸泯,及至民國,崑伶凋敝,幾近絕斷矣。後共和國時,浙江崑劇團搬演《十五貫》,始又中興,繼而各地崑劇團連仍而立,傳習及今。
崑曲劇目甚多,計隆慶以來常搬演者,如明王世貞《鳴鳳記》,湯顯祖《牡丹亭》《紫釵記》《南柯記》《邯鄲記》,高濂《玉簪記》;清孔尚任《桃花扇》,洪昇《長生殿》等。
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