离子
离子是指原子或原子基团失去或得到一个或几个电子而形成个带电荷个个子。得失电子个过程称为电离，电离过程个能量变化可以用电离能来衡量。 来勒化学反应中，通常是金属元素原子失去最外层电子，非金属原子得到电子，从而使参加反应个原子或原子团带上电荷。带正电荷个原子叫做阳离子，带负电荷个原子叫做阴离子。
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