Grassmaster
GrassMaster — sunʼiy tolalar bilan birlashtirilgan tabiiy oʻtlardan tashkil topgan gibrid oʻt sport oʻyinlaridagi maydoni yuzasi.
Bunday usul 1993-yilda Niderlandiyadagi Desso Sports tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan va patentlangan. Ushbu gibrid oʻt tizimi endi Desso Sportsni qoʻlga kiritgandan soʻng Tarkett Sports tomonidan sotiladi va yanada rivojlantiriladi va GrassMaster sifatida rebrendinglashtirilgan.
Texnologiya
GrassMaster 20 million polipropilen (PP) tolalarni butun oʻyin maydoniga teng ravishda taqsimlangan tuproqqa vertikal ravishda kiritish orqali tabiiy oʻt maydoni ildizini mustahkamlaydi. 20 cm (7.9 in) uzun PP tolalari kompyuter tomonidan boshqariladigan mashinalar tomonidan ekib chiqiladi, 18 cm (7.1 in) chuqur shunday 2 cm (0.8 in) sirt ustida qoladi. PP tolalari taxminan 2 cm × 2 cm (0.8 in × 0.8 in) boʻlgan panjara ichiga kiritiladi. Oʻt ildizlari tolalar bilan oʻralashib, chuqurroq va kengroq tuproq ichida oʻsadi. Sirt ustidagi PP tolalari tekis va barqaror sirtni taʼminlash uchun moʻljallangan. GrassMaster ekishdan oldin yoki ekishdan keyin oʻtlariga oʻrnatilishi mumkin.
Asosiy oʻrnatilgan maydonlar
| Stadion | Klub | Sport | Mamlakat |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ashton Gate Stadium | Bristol City and Bristol Bears | Association football va rugby union | Angliya |
| Villa Park | Aston Villa F.C. | Futbol | Angliya |
| St James’ Park | Newcastle United | Futbol | Angliya |
| Elland Road | Leeds United F.C. | Futbol | Angliya |
| Hillsborough | Sheffield Wednesday | Futbol | Angliya |
| Camp Nou | FC Barcelona | Futbol | Ispaniya |
| Luminus Arena | KRC Genk | Futbol | Belgiya |
| San Siro | Inter Milan va A.C. Milan | Futbol | Italiya |
| Stade Marcel Picot | AS Nancy | Futbol | Fransiya |
| King Abdullah Sports City | Ittihad FC and Al-Ahli Saudi FC | Futbol | Saudiya Arabistoni |
| Mapei Stadium | US Sassuolo Calcio | Futbol | Italiya |
| Goodison Park | Everton FC | Futbol | Angliya |
| Stade Marcel-Michelin | ASM Clermont Auvergne | Rugby union | Fransiya |
| CNFE Clairefontaine | French Football Federation | Futbol | Fransiya |
| Anfield | Liverpool F.C. | Futbol | Angliya |
| Selhurst Park | Crystal Palace | Futbol | Angliya |
| Carrow Road | Norwich City | Futbol | Angliya |
| Parc des Princes | Paris Saint-Germain FC | Futbol | Fransiya |
| Stade de Roudourou | En Avant Guingamp | Futbol | Fransiya |
| Stade Louis II | AS Monaco | Futbol | Monako |
| Stade Océane | Le Havre AC | Futbol | Fransiya |
| Stade de France | France | Futbol va boshqa tadbirlar | Fransiya |
| Stade Francis-Le Blé | Stade Brestois 29 | Futbol | Fransiya |
| Stade Auguste-Delaune | Stade de Reims | Futbol | Fransiya |
| Estádio Parque São Jorge | Corinthians | Futbol | Braziliya |
| Neo Química Arena | Corinthians | Futbol | Braziliya |
| Arena do Grêmio | Grêmio | Futbol | Braziliya |
| King Power Stadium | Leicester City F.C. | Futbol | Angliya |
| Twickenham Stadium | Rugby Football Union | Rugby union | Angliya |
| Emirates Stadium | Arsenal F.C. | Futbol | Angliya |
| Kirklees Stadium | Huddersfield Town and Huddersfield Giants | Futbol va rugby league | Angliya |
| Ibrox Stadium | Rangers F.C. | Futbol | Shotlandiya |
| Celtic Park | Celtic | Futbol | Shotlandiya |
| Leigh Sports Village | Leigh | Rugby league | Angliya |
| City of Manchester Stadium | Manchester City | Futbol | Angliya |
| Old Trafford | Manchester United F.C. | Futbol | Angliya |
| Trafford Training Centre | Manchester United F.C. | Futbol | Angliya |
| Adams Park | Wycombe Wanderers(and formerly Wasps) | Association football(va formerly rugby union) | Angliya |
| Vicarage Road | Watford(and formerly Saracens) | Association football(va formerly rugby union) | Angliya |
| Wembley Stadium | England | Futbol va boshqa tadbirlar | Angliya |
| Aviva Stadium | Ireland national rugby union team and Republic of Ireland national football team | Rugby union and association football | Irlandiya |
| Stadion Galgenwaard | Utrecht | Futbol | Niderlandiya |
| Euroborg | FC Groningen | Futbol | Niderlandiya |
| AFAS Stadion | AZ Alkmaar | Futbol | Niderlandiya |
| Sportpark De Toekomst | AFC Ajax | Futbol | Niderlandiya |
| Forsyth Barr Stadium | Highlanders | Rugby union | Yangi Zelandiya |
| Lerkendal Stadion | Rosenborg | Futbol | Norvegiya |
| Arena Khimki | Khimki | Futbol | Rossiya |
| Mbombela Stadium | 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa | Futbol | Janubiy Afrika |
| Peter Mokaba Stadium | 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa | Futbol | Janubiy Afrika |
| Nelson Mandela Bay Stadium | 2010 FIFA World Cup South Africa and South Africa Sevens | Association football and rugby sevens | Janubiy Afrika |
| Lincoln Financial Field | Philadelphia Eagles | Futbol | United States |
| Lambeau Field | Green Bay Packers | Futbol | United States |
| Liberty Stadium | Swansea City and Ospreys | Association football and rugby union | Uels |
| Millennium Stadium | Welsh Rugby Union | Rugby union(also Welsh international association football) | Uels |
| Cardiff City Stadium | Cardiff City(and formerly Cardiff Blues) | Association football(and formerly rugby union) | Uels |
| National Stadium, Singapore | Singapore national football team | Rugby union and association football | Singapur |
| Rodney Parade | DragonsNewport CountyNewport RFC | Rugby union and association football | Uels |
| Volkswagen Arena | VfL Wolfsburg | Futbol | Germaniya |
| Metalist Stadium | Metalist Kharkiv | Futbol | Ukraina |
| Donbass Arena | FC Shakhtar Donetsk | Futbol | Ukraina |
| Central City Stadium | National Team of Kazakhstan | Futbol | Qozogʻiston |
| Murrayfield | Edinburgh Rugby and Scotland | Rugby union | Shotlandiya |
| Stadio Marc'Antonio Bentegodi | Hellas Verona and Chievo Verona | Futbol | Italiya |
| Lokomotiv Stadium | FC Lokomotiv Moscow | Futbol | Rossiya |
| Kazan Arena | FC Rubin Kazan | Futbol | Rossiya |
| Estadio de la Cerámica | Villareal CF | Futbol | Ispaniya |
| Melbourne City Football Academy | Melbourne City FC | Futbol | Avstraliya |
| Ooredoo Training Centre | Paris Saint-Germain FC | Futbol | Fransiya |
| St Georges Park | National Football Centre FA | Futbol | Angliya |
| Bramall Lane | Sheffield United | Futbol | Angliya |
| Imam Reza Stadium | Padideh F.C. | Futbol | Eron |
| Cairo International Stadium | Egyptian national football team | Futbol | Misr |
| El Sekka El Hadid Stadium | El Sekka El Hadid SC | Futbol | Misr |
| New Administrative Capital Stadium | TBD | Futbol | Misr |
| Vodafone Park | Beşiktaş J.K. | Futbol | Turkiya |
| Bashundhara Kings Arena | Bashundhara Kings | Futbol | Bangladesh |
| Darius and Girėnas Stadium | FK Kauno Žalgiris | Futbol | Litva |
Maʼlumotnomalar
Tashqi havolalar
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