Hosni Mubarak: President of Egypt from 1981 to 2011
Muhammad Hosni Said Mubarak (Arabic: محمد حسنى سيد مبارك; 4 May 1928 – 25 February 2020), commonly known as Hosni Mubarak (حسنى مبارك), was an Egyptian politician.
He served as President of Egypt from 14 October 1981 to 11 February 2011.
Hosni Mubarak حسني مبارك | |
|---|---|
 Mubarak in 2009 | |
| President of Egypt | |
| In office 14 October 1981 – 11 February 2011 | |
| Prime Minister | Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin Kamal Hassan Ali Aly Lotfy Mahmoud Atef Sedky Kamal Ganzouri Atef Ebeid Ahmed Nazif Ahmed Shafik |
| Vice President | Omar Suleiman[a] |
| Preceded by | Sufi Abu Taleb (Acting) |
| Succeeded by | Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (acting) Mohamed Morsi |
| Prime Minister of Egypt | |
| In office 7 October 1981 – 2 January 1982 | |
| President | Sufi Abu Taleb (Acting) |
| Preceded by | Anwar El Sadat |
| Succeeded by | Ahmad Fuad Mohieddin |
| Vice President of Egypt | |
| In office 16 April 1975 – 14 October 1981 | |
| President | Anwar El Sadat |
| Preceded by | Hussein el-Shafei |
| Succeeded by | Omar Suleiman[a] |
| Secretary General of the Non-Aligned Movement | |
| In office 16 July 2009 – 11 February 2011 | |
| Preceded by | Raúl Castro |
| Succeeded by | Mohamed Hussein Tantawi (Acting) |
| Commander of the Air Force | |
| In office 23 April 1972 – 16 April 1975 | |
| President | Anwar El Sadat |
| Preceded by | Ali Mustafa Baghdady |
| Succeeded by | Mahmoud Shaker |
| Director of the Egyptian Air Academy | |
| In office 1967–1969 | |
| Preceded by | Yahia Saleh Al-Aidaros |
| Succeeded by | Mahmoud Shaker |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 4 May 1928 Kafr-El Meselha, Kingdom of Egypt |
| Died | 25 February 2020 (aged 91) Cairo, Egypt |
| Political party | National Democratic Party (1978-2011) |
| Spouse(s) | Suzanne Thabet (m. 1959) |
| Children |
|
| Alma mater |
|
| Signature |  |
| Military service | |
| Allegiance |  Egypt |
| Branch/service |  Egyptian Air Force |
| Years of service | 1950–1975 |
| Rank | Air Chief Marshal[c] |
| Commands | Cairo West Air Base Beni Suef Air Base Egyptian Air Academy Egyptian Air Force |
| a. ^ Office vacant from 14 October 1981 to 29 January 2011 b. ^ as Chairman of the Supreme Council of the Armed Forces c. ^ c. military rank withdrawn after trial | |
Mubarak became the vice-president of the Republic of Egypt after moving up the ranks of the Egyptian Air Force. Then he became the President after President Anwar Sadat was assassinated on 6 October 1981. His almost thirty-year presidency made him Egypt's longest-serving ruler since Muhammad Ali Pasha.
As President of Egypt, Mubarak is thought to have been one of the most powerful leaders in the region. Under the 1971 Constitution of Egypt, Mubarak exercised strong control over the country and was generally considered a dictator. In 2005, he called an election and easily won it. Many opponents believed Mubarak changed the election results so he could win.
In early 2011, during the Arab Spring, there were huge protests against his government. In the end, Mubarak resigned and handed over power to the armed forces. It is hoped that elections later that year for a new government. On 2 June 2012, Mubarak was sentenced to life imprisonment for ordering the shooting of protesters in the revolution that ousted him.
On 13 January 2013, Egypt's Court of Cassation overturned Mubarak's sentence and ordered a retrial. On retrial, Mubarak and his sons were convicted on 9 May 2015 of corruption and given prison sentences. Mubarak was detained in a military hospital and his sons were freed 12 October 2015 by a Cairo court.
He was acquitted on 2 March 2017 by the Court of Cassation and released on 24 March 2017.
He died on 25 February 2020 at a Cairo hospital after having surgery, aged 91.
References
This article uses material from the Wikipedia Simple English article Hosni Mubarak, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Content is available under CC BY-SA 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
®Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wiki Foundation, Inc. Wiki Simple English (DUHOCTRUNGQUOC.VN) is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wiki Foundation.