As of the start of 1638, the Gregorian calendar was 10 days ahead of the Julian calendar, which remained in localized use until 1923.
June 20 : Battle of Kallo Births
Elisabetta Sirani Shunzhi Emperor Frederik Ruysch Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve Louis XIV of France January–March January 1 Antoinette du Ligier de la Garde Deshoulières, French writer (d. 1694 ) Emperor Go-Sai of Japan (d. 1685 ) Nicolas Steno , Danish pioneer in anatomy and geology, bishop (d. 1686 ) January 7 Filippo Bonanni, Italian Jesuit scholar (d. 1723 ) Marie Elisabeth of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, German noblewoman (d. 1687 ) January 8 – Elisabetta Sirani, Italian painter (d. 1665 ) January 12 – Ernst Rüdiger von Starhemberg, Austrian field marshal (d. 1701 ) January 20 – Sir William Glynne, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1690 ) January 21 David Elias Heidenreich, German poet, dramatist, librettist and translator (d. 1688 ) Beata Rosenhane, Swedish writer (d. 1674 ) February 13 – Frederick, Duke of Mecklenburg-Grabow, German nobleman, titular Duke of Mecklenburg (d. 1688 ) February 18 – Ikeda Tsunamasa, Japanese daimyō, ruler of the Okayama Domain (d. 1714 ) February 25 – Jørgen Iversen Dyppel, Governor of the Danish West Indies (d. 1683 ) February 28 – John Carmichael, 1st Earl of Hyndford, Scottish nobleman (d. 1710 ) March 6 Henry Capell, 1st Baron Capell of Tewkesbury, First Lord’s of the British Admiralty (d. 1696 ) Statz Friedrich von Fullen, German-born nobleman, Geheimrat of war for Poland (d. 1703 ) March 10 – John Vesey, Irish archbishop (d. 1716 ) March 14 – Johann Georg Gichtel, German mystic and religious leader, critic of Lutheranism (d. 1710 ) March 15 – Shunzhi Emperor of China (d. 1661 ) March 16 – François Crépieul, Jesuit missionary in Canada (d. 1702 ) March 28 – Frederik Ruysch, Dutch physician and anatomist (d. 1731 ) April–June April 2 Sir Henry Beaumont, 2nd Baronet, English politician (d. 1689 ) John Covel, English clergyman and scientist, Master of Christ's College (d. 1722 ) May 9 – Gregorio Vasquez de Arce y Ceballos, Colombian painter (d. 1711 ) May 11 – Guy-Crescent Fagon, French physician and botanist (d. 1718 ) May 12 – Pedro Atanasio Bocanegra, Spanish artist (d. 1688 ) May 13 – Richard Simon, French Biblical critic (d. 1712 ) May 29 – John Manners, 1st Duke of Rutland, English nobleman and politician (d. 1711 ) June 2 – Henry Hyde, 2nd Earl of Clarendon, English nobleman (d. 1709 ) June 3 – Thomas Smith, English scholar (d. 1710 ) June 8 – Pierre Magnol, French botanist (d. 1715 ) June 21 – Sir William Roberts, 1st Baronet, English politician (d. 1688 ) June 23 – Princess Christine Elisabeth of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg, German noblewoman (d. 1679 ) June 27 – Samuel Frisching, Bernese soldier and politician (d. 1721 ) June 28 – Louise Marie de La Grange d'Arquien, French noblewoman (d. 1728 ) June 29 – Heinrich Meibom, German physicist and scholar (d. 1700 ) July–September July 10 – David Teniers III, Flemish painter (d. 1685 ) July 11 – Olympia Mancini, French courtier (d. 1708 ) July 15 – Giovanni Buonaventura Viviani, Italian composer (d. 1693 ) July 20 – Ulrik Frederik Gyldenløve, leading Norwegian general during the Scanian War (d. 1704 ) July 25 – Cristobal of Saint Catherine, Spanish Catholic priest (d. 1690 ) August 3 – William Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1650–1665) (d. 1665 ) August 6 – Nicolas Malebranche, French philosopher (d. 1715 ) August 7 – John Tufton, 4th Earl of Thanet, English politician (d. 1680 ) August 13 – Durgadas Rathore, Indian ruler (d. 1718 ) August 15 – Pieter de Graeff, Dutch politician and noble (d. 1707 ) August 22 – Georg Christoph Eimmart, German engraver (d. 1705 ) September 5 – King Louis XIV of France , King of France from 1643 until his death (d. 1715 ) September 10 – Maria Theresa of Spain , French queen, married to Louis XIV of France (d. 1683 ) September 19 – Isaac Milles, English minister (d. 1720 ) September 20 – Antonio Gherardi, Italian painter (d. 1702 ) September 21 – Philippe de Courcillon, French officer and author (d. 1720 ) September 30 – Maximilian Philipp Hieronymus, Duke of Bavaria-Leuchtenberg, German nobleman (d. 1705 ) October–December October 7 – Miguel Jerónimo de Molina, Spanish prelate, Bishop of Malta, then of Lleida in Catalonia (d. 1698 ) October 14 – Bernhard II, Duke of Saxe-Jena, German noble (d. 1678 ) October 17 – John Charles, Count Palatine of Gelnhausen (1654–1704) (d. 1704 ) October 21 – Lucia Wijbrants, Dutch artist (d. 1719 ) October 31 – Meindert Hobbema, Dutch painter (d. 1709 ) November 4 – Nuno Álvares Pereira de Melo, 1st Duke of Cadaval, Portuguese nobleman and statesman (d. 1725 ) November 8 – Anton van Dale, Dutch minister (d. 1708 ) November 22 – Christoph Cellarius, German classical scholar (d. 1707 ) November 25 – Catherine of Braganza , Portuguese princess, queen consort of Charles II of England (d. 1705 ) November 30 – Joachim Feller, German professor at the University of Leipzig (d. 1691 ) December 17 – Anna Sophia II, Abbess of Quedlinburg, Abbesses of Quedlinburg (d. 1683 ) December 24 – Tomás de la Cerda, 3rd Marquis of la Laguna, Spanish nobleman (d. 1692 ) December 25 – Michel Bégon, French ancien regime official (d. 1710 ) Date unknown Hannah Allen, British writer (d. 1668 ) Deaths
Cornelis van Haarlem Barbara Longhi January 21 – Ignazio Donati, Italian composer (b. c. 1570 ) January 27 – Gonzalo de Céspedes y Meneses, Spanish novelist (b. c. 1585 ) February 26 – Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac, French mathematician (b. 1581 ) March 2 – William Spring of Pakenham, Member of Parliament (b. 1588 ) March 22 – Johann, Prince of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen (b. 1578 ) April 1 – Henry Ley, 2nd Earl of Marlborough, English politician (b. 1595 ) April 7 – Shimazu Tadatsune, Japanese ruler of Satsuma (b. 1576 ) April 13 – Henri, Duke of Rohan, French Huguenot leader (b. 1579 ) April 19 – Jeremias Drexel, Jesuit writer and professor of rhetoric (b. 1581 ) April 26 – Margareta Brahe, Swedish political activist (b. 1564 ) May 6 Cornelius Jansen, French bishop and religious reformer (b. 1585 ) Gaj Singh of Marwar, Raja of Marwar Kingdom (r (b. 1595 ) May 9 – Frederick I, Landgrave of Hesse-Homburg (b. 1585 ) May 27 – Pietro Paolo Floriani, Italian architect (b. 1585 ) June 25 – Juan Pérez de Montalbán, Spanish writer (b. 1602 ) July 27 – John VIII, Count of Nassau-Siegen (b. 1583 ) July 31 – Sibylla Schwarz, German poet (b. 1621 ) August 3 – Philipp Moritz, Count of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noble (b. 1605 ) August 10 – Anton Henry, Count of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen (1586–1638) (b. 1571 ) August 12 – Baltasar Marradas, Spanish count (b. 1560 ) August 13 – Carolus Mulerius, Dutch Hispanist (b. 1601 ) August 27 – John Hoskins, English poet (b. 1566 ) September – Christoph Besold, German jurist (b. 1577 ) September 5 – Dorothea of Hanau-Münzenberg, German noblewoman (b. 1556 ) September 14 – John Harvard, American clergyman (b. 1607 ) September 24 – Georg Friedrich, Margrave of Baden-Durlach (1604–1622) (b. 1573 ) October 6 – Jacob Dircksz de Graeff, Dutch mayor (b. 1579 ) October 4 – Francis Hyacinth, Duke of Savoy (b. 1632 ) October 8 – Raja Wodeyar II, King of Mysore (b. 1612 ) October 14 – Gabriello Chiabrera, Italian poet (b. 1552 ) October 23 – John Ernest, Duke of Saxe-Eisenach, German duke (b. 1566 ) October 28 – Robert Petre, 3rd Baron Petre, English baron (b. 1599 ) November 9 – Johann Heinrich Alsted, German theologian (b. 1588 ) November 11 – Cornelis Corneliszoon van Haarlem, Dutch painter (b. 1562 ) November 16 – Edward Cecil, 1st Viscount Wimbledon (b. 1572 ) November 19 – Lelio Biscia, Italian Catholic cardinal (b. 1575 ) November 27 Redemptus of the Cross, Portuguese Carmelite lay brother and martyr (b. 1598 ) Denis of the Nativity, French sailor and cartographer (b. 1600 ) December 8 – Ivan Gundulić, Croatian poet (b. 1589 ) December 13 – Catherine of Sweden, Countess Palatine of Kleeburg (b. 1584 ) December 17 – François Leclerc du Tremblay (b. 1577 ) December 23 – Barbara Longhi, Italian painter (b. 1552 ) References
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