Linus Pauling

He published mair nor 1,200 papers an beuks, o that aboot 850 dealt wi scienteefic topics. New Scientist cried him one o the 20 greatest scientists o aw time, an as o 2000, he wis rated the 16t maist important scientist in history.

Linus Pauling
Born	Linus Carl Pauling 28 Februar 1901(1901-02-28) Portland, Oregon, USA
Dee'd	19 August 1994(1994-08-19) (aged 93) Big Sur, Californie, USA
Residence	Unitit States
Naitionality	American
Alma mater	Oregon State Varsity Californie Institute o Technology (Caltech)
Kent for	Alpha sheet Beta sheet Bond order Coiled coil CPK coloring Crystal structur prediction Electronegativity Elucidating chemical bonds an molecular structurs Ice-type model Linear combination o atomic orbitals Molecular clock Molecular medicine Orbital overlap Pauling's rules Pauling–Corey–Branson alpha helix Quantum chemistry Quantum graph Resonance (chemistry) Space-fillin model Valence bond theory Vitamin C megadosage Xenic acid Advocatin nuclear disarmament
Awairds	Irving Langmuir Awaird (1931) Davy Medal (1947) Nobel Prize in Chemistry (1954) Nobel Peace Prize (1962) Roebling Medal (1967) Lenin Peace Prize (1968–69) National Medal o Science (1974) Lomonosov Gowd Medal (1977) NAS Awaird in Chemical Sciences (1979) Priestley Medal (1984) Vannevar Bush Awaird (1989)
Scientific career
Fields	Quantum chemistry Biochemistry
Institutions	As faculty member Caltech (1927–1963) UC San Diego (1967–1969) Stanford (1969–1975) As fellow Center for the Study o Democratic Institutions (1963–1967)
Thesis	The Determination with X-Rays of the Structures of Crystals (1925)
Doctoral advisor	Roscoe Dickinson Richard Tolman
Other academic advisors	Arnold Sommerfeld Niels Bohr
Doctoral students	Martin Karplus Jerry Donohue Matthew Meselson Edgar Bright Wilson William Lipscomb
Signatur
Notes The anly person tae win twa unshared Nobel Prizes.

Pauling wis ane o the foonders o the fields o quantum chemistry an molecular biology. His contreibutions tae the theory o the chemical bond include the concept o orbital hybridisation an the first accurate scale o electronegativities o the elements. Pauling an aw wirkit on the structurs o biological molecules, an shawed the importance o the alpha helix an beta sheet in protein seicontar structur. Pauling's approach combined methods an results frae X-ray creestallografie, molecular model biggin an quantum chemistry. His diskiveries inspired the wark o James Watson, Francis Crick, an Rosalind Franklin on the structur o DNA, that in turn made it possible for geneticists tae crack the DNA code o aw organisms.

In his later years he promotit nuclear disairmament, as weel as orthomolecular medicine, megavitamin therapy, an dietar supplements. Nane o the latter hae gained muckle acceptance in the mainstream scienteefic commonty.

For his scienteefic work, Pauling wis awairded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954. For his peace activism, he wis awairdit the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962. He is ane o fower individuals tae hae wan mair nor ane Nobel Prize (the ithers bein Marie Curie, John Bardeen an Frederick Sanger). O thir, he is the anerly person tae hae been awairdit twa unshared Nobel Prizes, an ane o twa fowk to be awairdit Nobel Prizes in different fields, the ither bein Marie Curie.