Index Imperatorum Constantinopolitanorum

Imperium Romanum orientale

Effigies	Nomen	Nomen indigenum	Imperii anni	Notae
Domus Constantina
	Constantinus I	Flavius Valerius Constantinus	324–337	Filius Constanti I ex anno 306/307 imperator occidentalis imperii (usque ad annum 310 munere Caesaris fungens); Caesares: Crispus (usque 326), Dalmatius (ex 335 in Illyrico); Rex: Hannibalianus (ex 335/36, Cappadocia?)
	Calocaerus	ignotum	334?	usurpator in Cypro insula
	Constantius II	Flavius Iulius Constantius	337–361	Caesar ex anno 324, usque 340 una cum Constantino II (imperator occidentalis), cum Constante (338–339, augustus partis occidentalis 350) et Vetranione (350 cum Constantinam in matrimonium duxit), totius imperii augustus per annos 350/353–360; Caesar: Constantius Gallus (351–354, Syria)
	Patricius	ignotum	351/52	Rex proclamatus in Palaestina
	Iulianus	Flavius Claudius Iulianus	361–363	Totius imperii augustus, ex anno 360 imperator partis occidentalis (Caesar ex 355)
Imperatores sui iuris
	Iovianus	Flavius Iovianus	363–364	totius imperii augustus (cum abnegaverit Salutius), 364 cum Varroniane
Domus valentiniano-theodosiana
	Valens	Flavius Valens	364–378	usque 375 una cum Valentiniano I (in imperio occidentali), 369–370/372 cum Galate; imperante quidem Domnica (378)
	Procopius	ignotum	365–366	usurpator Constantinopoli; successor: Marcellus (366, Bithynia)
	Theodorus	ignotum	371	usurpator (?) in Syria
	Theodosius I	Flavius Theodosius	379–395	usque 383 una cum Gratiano (imperator occidentalis), 388–391 etiam in occidentali parte (cum Valentiniano II), ex anno 392/394 totius imperii augustus
	Arcadius	Flavius Arcadius	395–408	augustus orientalis partis ex anno 383, 393–394 cum Honorio (imperator occidentalis usque 423); regnantibus: Rufino (395), Eutropio (395–399), Gaina (399, usurpator 400), Eudoxia (400−404)
	Theodosius II	Flavius Theodosius	408–450	augustus ex anno 402, 423 totius imperii augustus, 439 cum Arcadio II (?); Caesar: Valentinianus III (424–425, imperator occidentalis 455); regnantibus: Anthemio (usque 414), Pulcheria (414–416/423, 450)
	Marcianus	Flavius Marcianus	450–457	per Pulcheriam atque Asparum imperans, ex anno 456 totius imperii augustus
Domus Thracica
	Leo I	Flavius (Valerius?) Novus Leo	457–474	per Asparum imperans, 465–467 et 472–473 totius imperii augustus; Caesares: Anthemius (467, imperator occidentalis usque 472), Patricius (469/70–471)
	Leo II	Flavius Leo Iunior	474ti	augustus ex anno 473 (Caesar ex 472); Caesar (?): Iulius Nepos (augustus in parte occidentali usque 475/480)
	Zeno	Flavius Zeno	474–491	474 augustus cum Leone II, 475–476 in Ciliciam relegatus, ex anno 480 totius imperii augustus; Caesar: Leo (476–477/78); agnovit praeterea Gensericum imperatorem in Africa
	Basiliscus	Flavius Basiliscus	475–476	contra Zenonem, cum Marco (Caesar 475)
	Hunericus	ignotum	477–484	more imperatoris in Africa regnavit
	Marcianus	Flavius Marcianus	479–480	usurpator Constantinopoli atque in Galatia
	Iustasas	ignotum	484?	proclamatus rex in Palaestina
	Leontius	ignotum	484–488	usurpator in Syria atque Cilicia (per Illum et Verinam)
	Masties	ignotum	484–494?	usurpator (?) in Numidia (contraHunericum et Gunthamundum); successor (?): Masuna (508−535?, Mauretania)
	Odoacer	Flavius Odovacer	490–493	usurpator in Italia (dominium tenuit ex anno 476/480); Caesar: Thela
	Anastasius I	Flavius Anastasius	491–518	per Ariadnem imperans; agnovit Theodericum regem Ostrogothorum, Chlodovicum regem Francorum necnon Sigismundum patricios Italiae Galliaeque
	Longinus	Flavius Longinus	491–492	usurpator Constantinopoli; successor: Longinus, Athenodoros (uterque usque 497, Isaurien)
	Burdunellus	ignotum	496–497	usurpator in Hispania (contra Alaricum II); successor: Petrus (506)
	Vitalianus	Flavius Vitalianus	513–515	usurpator (?) in Thracia atque Moesia; antecessor: Areobindos (512, Constantinopolis)
Domus Iustiniana
	Iustinus I	Flavius Iustinus	518–527	necari curavit Theocritum, agnovit Athalaricum patricium Italiae
	Iustinianus I	Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Iustinianus	527–565	augustus 527 (Caesar ex 525), cum Theodora I (usque 548) et Germano (550); imperio depulit Gelimerum et Vitichem patricios
	Iulianus	Iulianus Sabarides	529	rex proclamatus in Palaestina
	Hypatius	Flavius Hypatius	532	usurpator Constantinopoli, cum Pompeio
	Theudebertus	Theodebertus Victor	533–547/48	imperatoris more in Gallia regnavit
	Theodahadus	Flavius Theodahatus	535–536	imperatoris more in Italia regnavit
	Stotzas	ignotum	536–545	usurpator in Africa; successor: Guntarithus (usque 546, cum Ioanne)
	Ioannes	Ioannes Cottistis	537	usurpator in Mesopotamia
	Totila	ignotum	541/42–552	usurpator in Italia; antecessor: Hildebaldus (540–541, imperio a Belisario negato), Eraricus' (541); successor: Teia (552)
	Iustinus II	Flavius Iustinus	565–578	necari curavit Iustinum; imperatrix: Sophia (ex 573)
	Leovigildus	Flavius Leovigildus	572/73–586	more imperatoris in Hispania regnavit
	Tiberius I	Flavius Tiberius Novus Constantinus	578–582	augustus 578 (Caesar ex anno 574); Caesar: Germanus (582, usurpator 602–603 et 605/607?)
	Mauricius	Flavius Mauricius Novus Tiberius	582–602	582 Caesar et augustus, ex anno 590 cum Theodosio (Caesar ex 587, 603[–611] usurpator per voluntatem Chosrois II proclamatus in Mesopotamia) et (?) Tiberio
	Abaskirum	ignotum	583–588?	usurpator (?) in Aegypto
	Authari	Flavius Autharius	584–590	more imperatoris in Italia septentrionali regnavit
Imperatores sui iuris
	Phocas	Flavius Focas	602–610	contra Mauricium cum Domentiolo (ex 603/04) et Prisco (606/07)

Domus Heraclea

Effigies	Nomen	Nomen indigenum	Imperii anni	Notae
Domus Heraclea
	Heraclius	Flavius Heraclius Phlabios Hērakleios	610–641	contra Phocam (per Heraclium seniorem, usurpator in Africa ex 608); Caesar: Constantinus (617–631?)
	Comentiolus	ignotum	610–611	usurpator (?) in Galatia
	Ioannes	Ioannes Compsinus	616–617	usurpator (?) in Italia occidentali
	Eleutherius	ignotum	619–620	usurpator in Italia
	Vahan	Baanēs (Korkhorouni?)	636	usurpator (?) in Palaestina
	Athalarich	Iōannēs Athalarichos	637?	usurpator Constantinopoli
	Constantinus III	Phlabios Hērakleios ho Neos Kōnstantinos	641	augustus ex 613, cum Heraklonas
	Heraclonas	Kōnstantinos Hērakleios	641	augustus ex 638 (Caesar ex 632), cum David Tiberio (Caesar ex 638) et Martino (Caesar ex 639); imperatrix: Martina
	Constans II	Phlabios Hērakleios Kōnstantinos ho Pōgōnatos	641–668/69	641 Caesar imperante Constantino III et augustus sub Heraclona, regnantibus Valentino (642–643/44, Caesar 642?, usurpator 641 et 644/45), Gregoria (?, usque 649, cum Paulo)
	Mauricius Chartularius	Maurikios ho Chartoularios	643	usurpator Romae
	Gregorius	Phlabios Grēgorios	646/47–647/48	usurpator in Africa; successor (?): Gennadius (664–665?)
	Olympius	ignotum	650–651/52	usurpator in Italia
	Theodorus	Theodōros Rechtouni (Pasagnathēs?)	651/52–652/53	usurpator (?) in Armenia
	Saborius	ignotum	667–668	usurpator in Ponto (thema Armeniacum)
	Constantinus IV	Phlabios Kōnstantinos	668/69–685	augustus ex 654, 659–681 cum Heraclio etTiberio; agnovit Perctaritum et Asparuchum reges Italiae necnon Moesiae
	Mizizius Gnouni		668/69	usurpator in Sicilia; successor (?): Ioannes (678?)
	Iustinianus II	Phlabios Ioustinianos ho Rhinotmētos	685–695 705–711	augustus ex 681 contra Tiberium II, ex 706 cum Tiberio; Caesar: Tervel (Moesia/Bulgaria)
	Georgius	ignotum	710/11	usurpator (?) in Italia meridionali
Imperatores sui iuris
	Leontius	Leōn	695–698	contra Iustinianum II
	Tiberius II	Tiberios Apsimaros	698–705	contra Leontium
	Philippicus	Philippikos Bardanēs	711–713	contra Iustinianum II
	Anastasius II	Artemios Anastasios	713–715/16	contra Philippicum, relegatus ex anno 715 in Bithyniam (thema Opsicium), usurpator 717/719
	Theodosius III	Theodosios (Kōnstantinos?) ho Adramytinos	715–717	contra Anastasium II, 717 cum Tiberio (?)

Aetas iconoclasmi

Effigies	Nomen	Nomen indigenum	Imperii anni	Notae
Domus Isaurica
	Leo III	(Phlabios) Leōn ho Isauros	717–741	contra Theodosium III
	Basilius Onomagulus	Tiberios Basileios Onomagoulos	717–717/18	usurpator in Sicilia (per Sergium)
	Cosmas	ignotum	727	usurpator in Thessalia
	Tiberius	Tiberius Petasius	729–730	usurpator in Italia
	Beser	Bēseros Tiberios	737	usurpator (?, nomine „Tiberii“) in Asia Minore (per Hischam)
	Constantinus V	Kōnstantinos	741–775	augustus ex 720, Exil 742–743 in Phrygien (Anatolicum); Caesares: Christophoros et Nicephorus(uterque 769–776; usurpator 780, 792, 797?, 799? et 812?)
	Artabasdus	Artabasdus ho Eikonophilos	741/42–743	contra Constantinum V, ex anno 742/43 cum Nicephoro atque Niceta
	Constantinus Podopagurus	Kōnstantinos ho Podopagouros	766	usurpator (?) Constantinopoli, cumStrategio
	Arichis	ignotum	774–787	imperatoris more in Italia meridionali regnavit (787 agnotus rex)
	Leo IV	Leōn ho Chazaros	775–780	augustus ex 751
	Constantinus VI	Kōnstantinos	780–797	augustus ex 776 atque nominatim 790
	Elpidius	ignotum	781–792	usurpator in Sicilia, ex anno 782 usurpator in caliphatu Abbasidarum
	Alexius Musele	Alexios Mousele/Mosēle	792	usurpator (?) Constantinopoli
	Irene	Eirēnē (Sarantapēchaina) hē Athēnaia	790 797–802	Regentin ex 780, cum Stauracio (799–800 usurpator [?] Constantinopoli et in Cappadocia) augustusin ex 792, 801/02 cum Leone; regnante Aetio (ex 800)
Domus Nicephoriana
	Nicephorus I	Nikēphoros (Gabalas) ho Logothetēs	802–811	contra Irenam
	Bardanes	Bardanēs ho Tourkos	803	usurpator in Phrygia (thema Anatolicum) et Bithynia
	Arsaber	Arsabēr (Kamsarakan?)	808	usurpator Constantinopoli
	Stauracius	Staurakios	811	augustus ex 803
	Michael I	Michaēl Rhangabe	811–813	cum Theophylacto; Carolum magnum imperatorem occidentalem agnovit
Imperatores sui iuris
	Leo V	Leōn ho Armenios	813–820	contra Michael I., ex 813/14 cum Constantino
Domus Amorica
	Michael II	Michaēl ho Psellos	820–829	contra Leo V.
	Thomas	Thōmas (Kōnstantinos?)	821–823	usurpator (nomine „Constnatini VI“?) in Asia Minore (per al-Ma'mūn) et Thracia, Constantio (821) et Anastasio (ex 821/22); successor: Choireas (Lycaonia/Anatolicum), Gazarenos (Galatia/thema Bucellarium, uterque usque 824)
	Euphemius	Euphēmios	826–827	usurpator in Sicilia
	Theophilus	Theophilos	829–842	augustus ex 821/22, 830/833–835 cum Constantino; Caesar: Alexius Musele (831/836–840)
	Theophobus	Nasar Theophobos ho Perses	838–839	usurpator in Paphlagonia (thema Armeniacum)
	Michael III	Michaēl ho Methystēs	842–867	augustus ex 840, 866 cum Basilisciano; Caesar: Bardas (862/864–866, Regent ex 856); Regentin: Theodora II. (usque 856, cum Thecla, usque 855 cum Theoctisto)
	Carbeas	ignotum	844–863	usurpator (?) in Armenia (Colonia in urbe; per al-Wāthiq et al-Mutawakkil); successor: Chrysocheir (usque 872)
	Boris	Bogoris Michaēl	865–889	imperatoris more in Bulgaria regnavit
	Symbatius	ignotum	866–866/67	usurpator (?) in Asia Minore (thema Thracesium)

Domus Macedonica

Effigies	Nomen	Nomen indigenum	Imperii anni	Notae
Domus Macedonica
	Basilius I	Basileios Makedōn	867–886	augustus ex 866 (Caesar 866?), 868–879 cum Constantino; recusavit Ludovicum II imperatorem agnoscere
	Leo VI	Leōn Porphyrogennētos ho Sophos	886–912	augustus 870–883; regnante Styliano Zautzes (891/893–899)
	Andronicus Ducas	Andronicus Doukas	906–907	usurpator (?) in Lykaonien (Anatolicum)
	Alexander	Alexandros Porphyrogennētos	912–913	augustus ex 879, cum Basilitze
	Constantinus VII	Kōnstantinos (Makedōn) Porphyrogennētos	913–959	augustus ex 908/911 et nominatim 921/22–944, ex 945 solus imperator; regnantibus: Nicolao (usque 914/15, 918/19–919), Zoe (914/15–918/19)
	Constantinus Ducas	Kōnstantinos Doukas	913	usurpator Constantinopoli
	Simeon	Symeōn ho Megas	913–927	imperatoris titulum sibi adrogavit (ex 917 etiam in Graecia), usque 914/15 et ex 924 nominatim augustus cum Constantino VII atque Romano I
	Leo Phocas	Leōn Phōkas	919	usurpator in Bithynia (thema Optimaton)
	Romanus I	Rōmanos Lakapēnos	920–944	augustus sub Constantino VII (Caesar 920, Regent ex 919), cum Christophoros (921–931), Stephanos, Constantinus (uterque 923/24–945) et Romanus (923/24–927?); Caesar: Michael (ex 923/24?); agnovit Petrum I imperatorem Bulgaricum
	Bardas Boilas	Bardas Boïlas	923/24	usurpator in Ponto (Chaldia)
	Basilius Chalcocheir	Basileios ho Chalkocheir	930/932	usurpator (nomine „Constantini Ducae“) in Bithynia (thema Opsicium) et Lydia (thema Thracesium)
	Romanus II	Rōmanos Porphyrogennētos	959–963	augustus ex 945
	Basilius Peteinus	Basileios Peteinos	961	usurpator (?) Constantinopoli
	Basilius II	Basileios Porphyrogennētos Boulgaroktonos	963–1025	augustus ex 960, ex 976 solus imperator; regnantibus Theophanu (963, cum Iosepho Bringa), Basilius Lecapenus (976–985); agnovit Stephanum Držislav ducem Dalmatiae
	Nicephorus II	Nikēphoros Phōkas	963–969	augustus cum Basilio II (per Theophanum, usurpator 963); Caesar: Bardas (usque 968)
	Calocyres	Kalokyrēs/Kalokyros	968–971	usurpator (?) in Bulgaria (per Svatoslavium I)
	Ioannes I	Iōannēs (Kourkouas) Tzimiskēs	969–976	augustus cum Basilio II (per Theophanum), agnovit Ottonem augustus
	Bardas Phocas	Bardas Phōkas	970–971 987–989	usurpator in Asia Minore (970–971 cum Leone); successor: Leon (989)
	Bardas Sclerus	Bardas Sklēros	976–979 987 989	usurpator in Asia Minore (987 nominatim augustus cum Barda Phoca)
	Meles	Melēs	(1009–)1011/1019	usurpator (?) in Itali meridionali; successor: Argyrus (1042)
	Tzules	Geōrgios Tzoulēs	(1015?–)1016	usurpator (?) in Taurica paeninsula (Chersonesus)
	Nicephorus II	Nikēphoros Phōkas ho Barytrachēlos	1022	usurpator in Cappadocia (per Nicephorum Xiphiam)
	Constantinus VII	Kōnstantinos Porphyrogennētos	1025–1028	augustus ex 962, 1028 cum Constantino Dalasseno (usurpator 1034?)
	Nicephorus Comnenus	Nikēphoros Komnēnos	1025/26	usurpator in Armenia (Vaspurakan)
	Basilius Sclerus	Basileios Sklēros	1026/27 1033	usurpator (?) in Asia Minore usurpator (?) Constantinopoli
	Romanus III	Rōmanos Argyros	1028–1034	per Zoem
	Prusianus	Prousianos	1029	usurpator Constantinopoli (per Theodoram III) cum Constantino Diogene (usurpator 1032)
	Michael IV	Michaēl ho Paphlagōn	1034–1041	per Zoem; regnante: Ioannes Orphanotrophos
	Elpidius Brachamius	Elpidios Brachamios	1034	usurpator (?) in Syria
	Stephanus Vojislav	Stephanos Boïsthlabos	1034–1035 1040–1043	usurpator in Diocletiana
	Petrus Deleanus	Petros Dolianos	1040–1041	usurpator in Bulgaria (nomine Petri II); usurpator: Tihomir (1040, Dyrrachium), Alusjan (1041, 1040)
	Gregorius Taronites	Grēgorios Tarōnitēs	1040	usurpator in Phrygia
	Michael V	Michaēl ho Kalaphatēs	1041–1042	nomine augustus sub Zoe (Caesar 1041)
	Zoe	Zōē Porphyrogennēta	1042	cum Theodora III, imperans ex 1041
	Theophilus Eroticus	Theophilos Erōtikos	1042	usurpator in Cypro insula
	Constantinus IX Monomachus	Kōnstantinos Monomachos	1042–1055	per Zoem, 1055 cum Nicephoro Proteuon (Bulgaria, contra Theodoram); agnovit Michael Vojislavljević gubernatorem Diocletianae
	Georgius Maniaces	Geōrgios Maniakēs	1042–1043	usurpator in Italia meridionali atque Haeminomto
	Leo Lamprus	Leōn Lampros	1043	usurpator (?) in themate Armeniaco (per Stephanum Pergamenum)
	Leo Tornices	Leōn Tornikēs/Tornikios	1047	usurpator in Macedonia et Thracia (1046 usurpator in Iberia?)
	Romanus Boilas	Rōmanos Boïlas	1051?	usurpator Constantinopoli
	Theodora III	Theodōra Karbōnopsina	1055–1056	1042 augustus cum Zoe
Imperatores sui iuris
	Michael VI	Michaēl Bringas Stratiotikos	1056–1057
	Theodosius Monomachus	Theodosios Monomachos	1056	usurpator Constantinopoli
	Nicephorus Bryennius	Nikēphoros Bryennios	1057	usurpator (?) in Cappadocia (1055 in Macedoniua contra Theodoram III?)

Comnenae, Ducae et Angeli

Effigies	Nomen	Nomen indigenum	Imperii anni	Notae
Comnenae
	Isaacius I	Isaakios Komnēnos	1057–1059	contra Michael VI, per Michael Cerularium (usurpator 1040 et 1059)
Ducae
	Constantinus X	Kōnstantinos Doukas	1059–1067	negante Ioanne Comneno; Caesar: Ioannes (1059/61–1075 et 1081–1087/88, imperans 1067 et 1071–1072, 1074 usurpator in Asia Minore per Roussel de Bailleul)
	Nikulitzas	Nikoulitzas Delphinas ho Larissaios	1066	usurpator in Thessalia
	Michael VII	Michaēl Doukas ho Parapinakēs	1067–1078	coronatus 1071, augustus ex 1060, cum Constantio (ex 1060, usurpator 1078), Andronico (1068–1077?) et Constantino (ex 1074/75, augustus cum Alexio I 1081–1087/88); regnantibus: Eudocia (1067, 1071), Andronico (1073), Nicephoritze (ex 1073); Caesar: Georgius II. (ex 1074, Georgia)
	Romanus IV	Rōmanos Diogenēs	1068–1071	augustus cum Michael VII et imperans (per Eudociam, usurpator 1067 et 1071–1072), cum Leone (ex 1069) et Nicephoro (ex 1070, usurpator 1094)
	Constantinus Bodinus	Kōnstantinos Bodinos	1072	usurpator in Bulgaria (nomine Petri III per Michael Vojislavljević et Georgium Vojtech)
	Philaretus Brachamius	Philaretos Brachamios	1072–1078	usurpator in Syria septentrionali et Mesopotamia
	Nestor	ignotum	1072/1074	usurpator in Paristrio
	Leo Diabatenus	Leōn Diabatēnos	1077–1078	usurpator Edessae
	Nicephorus Bryennius	Nikēphoros Bryennios	1077–1078	usurpator in Macedonia et Thracia cum Ioanne; successor: Nicephorus Basilaces (1078–1079, Macedonia)
Imperatores sui iuris
	Nicephorus III	Nikēphoros Botaneiatēs	1078–1081	contra Michael VII, ex 1080 cum Nicephoro Synadeno
	Ruben	Rhoupenios	1080–1095	usurpator in Cilicia; successor: Constantinus (usque 1099/1103, regnans ex 1090), Thorus (1099/1103–1129/30), Constantinus (1129/30), Leo (1129/30–1137)
Comnenae
	Alexius I	Alexios Komnēnos	1081–1118	contra Nicephorum III; Sebastocratores: Isaacius (usque 1102/04, Caesar), Andronicus (1108/1116–1131?), Isaacius (1108/1122–1130, 1136/1138–1140 et 1143?, Caesar 1108?, usurpator 1129/30, 1143 et 1145–1146); Caesares: Nicephorus Melissenos (usque 1104, 1081 usurpator in Asia Minore), Nicephorus Bryennius (1097/1111–1136/37); regnans: Anna Dalassena (1081, 1094–1095)
	Raiktor	Michaēl Doukas	1081	usurpator (nomine Michaelis VII utens) in Dyrrachio urbe et Macedonia (instigante Roberto Guiscardo)
	Ioannes	Iōannēs Komnēnos	1091	usurpator (?) in Dyrrhachio urbe
	Theodorus Gabras	Theodōros Gabras	1091–1092	usurpator (?) in Ponto (Chaldia); successor: Gregor Taronites (1103–1105)
	Çaka Bey	Tzachas	1091–1092/93	se imperatorem proclamavit in Asia Minore
	Caryces	(Nikētas?) Karykēs	1092–1092/93	usurpatorin Creta insula, cum Rapsomates (Cyprus)
	Constantinus Diogenes	Kōnstantinos/„Leōn“ Diogenēs	1094–1095	usurpator in Thracia
	Michael Anemas	Michaēl Anemas	1103	usurpator Constantinopoli, cum Leone
	Leon Diogenes	Leōn Diogenēs	1116	usurpator in Bulgaria iuxta Danubium (Paristrium, per Vladimirum Monomachum; 1107 in Dyrrachio urbe per Bohemundum?)
	Ioannes II	Iōannēs Kalos Komnēnos Doukas	1118–1143	augustus ex 1092, 1119/1122–1142 cum Alexius (II.); Sebastocratores: Andronicus (1122–1142), Isaacius (ex 1122, usurpator 1143); Caesar: Ioannes Rogerius Dalassenus (1136/1138–1152, usurpator 1143)
	Constantinus Gabras	Kōnstantinos Gabras	1126/1139–1140	usurpator in Ponto (Chaldia), usque 1130 cum Cassiano (Paphlagonia?)
	Roger	Rogerios	1130–1154	se imperatorem proclamavit in Italia australi
	Manuel I	Manouēl Komnēnos	1143–1180	Sebastocrator ex 1122/1129; Despotes: Alexius (ex 1163, Caesar 1169–1172, usurpator 1180–1185), Theodorus Batatzes (ante 1166); Sebastocrator: Ioannes (1170–1176); regnans Ioannes Axuchus (usque 1145/46); Giullelmum II et Mleh principes Italiae inferiores et Ciliciae agnovit
	Thorus	ignotum	1145–1169	usurpator in Cilicia; successor: Ruben (usque 1170; regnans Thomas)
	Alexius Axuchus	Alexios Axouchos	1167	usurpator (?) Constantinopoli
	Alexius II	Alexios Komnēnos Porphyrogennētos	1180–1183	coronatus 1182, augustus ex 1171/72; Caesar: Ioannes (usurpator 1181); regnans Maria Xena (cum Alexio, uterque usque 1182)
	Ioannes Batatzes	Iōannēs Komnēnos Batatzēs	1182	usurpator (?) in Lydia (Thracesium)
	Andronicus I	Andronikos Komnēnos	1183–1185	augustus 1183 (Regent ex 1182; usurpator 1154/55), ex 1184 cum Ioanne; Sebastocratores: Manuel (ex 1182, usurpator 1185), Alexius (Caesar 1185–1186/1192, usurpator 1184 et 1186/1192 cum Andronico Comneno)
	Andronicus Contosteophanus	Andronikos Kontostephanos Komnēnos	1183	usurpator (?) Constantinopoli, cum Andronico Angelo
	Andronicus Lampardas	Andronikos La(m)pardas	1183/84	usurpator (?) in Mysia (Thracesium)
	Alexius	Alexios Komnēnos	1185	usurpator (nomine Alexi II utens?) Thessalonicae (per Guillelmum II)
Angeli
	Isaacius II	Isaacius Angelus	1185–1195 1203–1204	contra Andronicum I. et Alexium III. (1184 usurpator in Bithynia cum Theodoro Cantacuzeno); Sebastocratores: Ioannes (1186–1200, usurpator 1199), Constantinus, Ioannes Petraliphas (?, usque 1195), Stephanus Nemanjić (1191–1196); Caesares: Ioannes Cantacuzenus (usque 1186, 1204/05–1209 usurpator in Messenia?), Ioannes, Bonifatius et Conradus Monsferratenses (usque 1186/1187); agnovit Petrum IV et Stephanum Nemanja principes Bulgariae et Serbiae
	Isaacius Comnenus	Isaakios (Doukas?) Komnēnos	1185–1191 1195	usurpator („Caesar“) in Cypro (ex 1184 nomine despotis utens), expulsus regno a Richardo I Anglorum rege usurpator in Asia Minore (Sultanatum Iconii)
	Alexius Branas	Alexios Branas Komnēnos	1185/86 1187	usurpator Constantinopoli usurpator in Thracia
	Theodorus Mancaphas	Theodōros Doukas Mankaphas	1188–1189/1195 1204–1205	usurpator in Lydia et Phrygia
	Alexius	Alexios Komnēnos	1189/1191	usurpator (nomine Alexii II utens) in Phrygia (per Kılıç Arslan II); successor: Alexius (1191/92, Paphlagonia)
	Basilius Chotzas	Basileios Chotzas	1191/92–1204/05	usurpator in Bithynia
	Isaacius Comnenus	Isaakios Komnēnos	1191/1193	usurpator Constantinopoli; successor: Rakendytes, Constantinus Taticius (uterque 1191/1193)
	Constantinus Aspietes	Kōnstantinos Komnēnos Aspietēs	1191/1193	usurpator (?) in Macedonia
	Constantinus	Kōnstantinos Angelos Doukas	1193	usurpator Philippopoli
	Alexius III	Alexios Komnēnos Angelos	1195–1203/1204	contra Isaacius II., Sebastocrator ex 1190, relegatus ex anno 1203 in Thraciam et Thessaliam, 1210–1211 usurpator in Asia Minor (per Kai Chosrau I.); regnans Euphrosyne (usque 1196); despota: Alexius Palaiologos (1199–1203, Sebastocrator ex 1195); Sebastocratores: Isaacius Comnenus (usque 1196), Nicephorus Petraliphas (1200?); Caesares: Theodoros Branas (1205–1206 usurpator in Hadrianopoli), Manuel Maurozomes (1200?, 1204–1205/06 usurpator in Phrygia per Kai Chosrau I); agnovit Caloianum imperatorem Bulgariae Leonemque II. regem Ciliciae
	Alexius Contostephanus	Alexios Kontostephanos	1195 1200	usurpator Constantinopoli
	Alexius	Alexios Komnēnos	1195–1196/97	usurpator (nomine Alexi II utens) in Cilicia et Bithynia (per Muhyi ad-Din Mas'ud Schah)
	Dobromirus	Dobromēros Chrysos	1196/97–1199 1201–1202	usurpator in Macedonia et Thessalia
	Ivancus	Iōannēs Alexios	1198/99–1200	usurpator in Thracia (per Caloianus; imperator Bulgariae 1196); successor: Ioannes Spyridonakes (1201, Smolena)
	Michael Cantacuzenus	Michaēl Kantakouzēnos	1199	usurpator Constantinopoli
	Manuel Camytzes	Manouēl Kamytzēs Komnēnos Doukas Angelos	1199 1201–1202	usurpator Constantinopoli usurpator in Macedonia et Thessalia (cum Dobromir)
	Michael	Michaēl Angelos Komnēnos Doukas	1200–1203? 1204/05–1215	usurpator in Karien (Mylasa, per Suleiman II.) usurpator/Regent in Epirus (Nikopolis)
	Ioannes Comnenus	Iōannēs Axouchos Komnēnos ho Pachys	1200/01	usurpator Constantinopoli
	Leon Chamaretus	Leōn Chamaretos	1201–1205/1209	usurpator in Morea (Laconia); successor: Ioannes Chamaretos (usque 1222, ex 1209 nomine despota per Theodorum I aut Alexium III)
	Leo Sgurus	Leōn Sgouros	1201–1208	usurpator in Graecia, ex 1204 nomine despota (per Alexium III)
	Alexius IV	Alexios Angelos	1203–1204	augustus Isaaci II (1203 usurpator in Dyrrachio urbe per Bonifatium Monsferratensem et Henricum Dandulum), despota ex 1192/93
	Nicolaus Canabus	Nikolaos Kanabos	1204	contra Isaacius II. et Alexius IV. (post Verzicht per Radenos)
	Alexius V	Alexios Doukas ho Mourtzouphlos	1204	contra Isaacium II, Alexium IV et Nicolaum Canabum

Lascaridae et Palaeologi

Effigies	Nomina	Nomen indigenum	Imperii anni	Notae
Lascaridae
	Constantinus XI	Kōnstantinos Komnēnos Laskaris	1204	contra Balduinum I (imperatorem Latinorum) et Caloianum (Bulgaria), usque 1205 nomine despotae utens
	Alexius Comnenus	Alexius Megas Komnēnos	1204–1222	usurpator in Trapezunte urbe (Chaldia; Caesar 1183/85), usque 1212/1214 cum David (Caesar 1184/85, 1204/05–1207 in Paphlagonia); successor: Andronicus Gidus (usque 1235), Ioannes (1235–1238, cum Ioannicio), Manuel (1238–1263), Andronicus (1263–1266, despota ex 1240?), Georgius (1266–1280)
	Theodorus Gabras	Theodōros Gabras	1204–1208?	usurpator (?) in Ponto (Chaldia)
	Manuel Angelus	Manouēl Angelos	1204–1205	usurpator in Thracia, Macedonia et Thessalia (per Bonifatium Monsferratensem)
	Alexius Aspietes	Alexios Aspietēs	1205	usurpator Philippopoli (contra Caloianum)
	Theodorus I Lascares	Theodōros Komnēnos Laskaris	1205–1221/22	contra Henricum (imperium Latinorum), coronatus 1207/08 (despota ex 1199/1203, Regent ex 1204), 1207/08–1211/12 cum Nicolao; despotes: Andronicus Palaiologos (1212/1216); Sebastocratores: Georgius, Alexius, Isaacius (uterque usupator in Mysia 1224), Nicephorus Contostephanus, Sabbas Asidenos (uterque 1205/06–1216?, usurpatores in Phrygia ex 1203/04 et Caria ex 1204); regnans Maria (1221/22)
	Ioannes III	Iōannēs Doukas Batatzēs	1221/22–1254	contra Robertum (imperium Latinorum); despotae: Ioannes (1242–1244, usurpator ex 1237/1241), Demetrius (1242–1246, uterque Thessalonicae), Michael (1237?/1247–1266/68, usurpator ex 1230, 1251–1253 et 1256–1259/1264) et Nicephorum Angelum (1249/1266/68–1297, uterque in Epiro); Sebastocratores: Isaacius (ante 1253–1261), Ioannes (usque 1240?); Caesares: Romanus(?–post 1227), Leo Gabalas (1225/26–1240, usurpator in Rhodo ex 1203/04 et 1234; successor: Ioannes, usque 1249/50)
	Theodorus Angelus	Theodōros Komnēnos Doukas Angelos	1224/25–1230	usurpator in Macedonia (Thessalonica) et Thessalia (coronatus 1227, regnans in Epiro ex 1215); despotae: Constantinus (1227–1242/1246, Acarnania, usurpator Constantinopoli 1204?), Constantinus Maliasenus(?); Sebastocrator: Georgius (?); successor: Manuel (usque 1237, per Ivan Aasen II; despota ex 1227, usurpator ex 1234/35, 1239–1241 in Thessalia)
	Andronicus Nestongus	Andronicus Doukas Nestongos	1224/25	usurpator in Bithynia, cum Isaacio
	Theodorus II	Theodōros Doukas Laskaris Porphyrogennētos	1254–1258	contra Balduinum II. (imperium Latinorum), coronatus 1255, augustus ex 1234/1241
	Ioannes IV	Iōannēs Doukas Laskaris	1258–1261	regnans Georgius Muzalon (1258)
Palaeologi
	Michael VIII	Michaēl Doukas Komnēnos Palaiologos	1261–1282	augustus ex 1259 (despota ex 1258); despotae: Ioannes (1260/1263–1273/1275, Sebastocrator ex 1259), Constantinus (usque 1306, usurpator 1292), Iacobus Svetoslavius (1261, Bulgaria), Demetrius Michael (1278–1304), Ivan Assen (1277/78–1302/03, imperator Bulgariae 1279–1280), Georgius Terter (1279, imperator Bulgariae ex anno 1280), Ioannes Comnenus (1282, usurpator in Trapezunte ex 1280); Sebastocratores: Constantinus (1259/60–1275) et Ioannes Tornices (ex 1260/61?, uterque Thessalonica), Constantinus (1260–1271, Caesar ex 1259), Ioannes Ducas (1268/1272–1289, usurpator 1280, Thessalia); Caesar: Alexius Strategopulus (1259–1271/1275)
	Ioannes	Iōannēs Laskaris	1262	usurpator (nomine Ioannis IV utens) in Bithynia (1273 in Italia australi per Carolum Angevinensem?)
	Andronicus II	Andronicus Doukas Angelos Komnēnos ho Gerōn Palaiologos	1282–1328	augustus ex 1261/1272, 1281/1294/95–1320 cum Michael IX.; despotae: Constantinus (1292–1329), Ioannes (1294–1307, uterque Thessalonica), Theodorus (vor 1306), Demetrius (1306–1343, 1327–1328 Thessalonicae), Thomas Angelos (1290/1297–1318, Epirus), Manuel (post 1298–1320), Nikolaus Orsini (1318–1323, Epirus); Sebastocratores: Constantinus (1289/1295–1303), Theodorus(1289/1295–1299) et Ioannes Ducas (1303/1309/1315–1318, despota ex 1309/1315?), Stephanus Gabrielopulos (1318/1325–1332/33, alle Thessalia), Radoslaw (1299/1300, Bulgaria), Andrea Muzaka (vor 1319, Albania); Caesares: Roger de Flor (1305), Ioannes (1326, usurpator Thessalonicae 1325/26)
	Ioannes Tarchaneiotes	Iōannēs Tarchaneiotēs	1289	usurpator (?) Constantinopoli
	Alexius Philanthropenus	Alexius Philanthrōpēnos Tarchaneiotēs	1295/96	usurpator („Caesar“) in Asia Minor
	Ioannes Drimys	Iōannēs (Glykys?) Drimys	1305–1306	usurpator (nomine Ioannis IV) Constantinopoli
	Carolus Valosensis	Karolos tou Baloua	1307	sibi imperatoris titulum adrogavit Constantinopoli
	Andronicus III	Andronikos Doukas Angelos Komnēnos ho Neos Palaiologos	1328–1341	augustus ex 1316/1325 (usurpator in Thracia 1320/21–1325 et 1328); despotae: Ioannes Orsini (usque 1335, Thessalia), Andrea Muzaka (1335/1372, Albania), Michael (1337/1341–1352)
	Syrgiannes	Syrgiannēs Palaiologos Philanthrōpēnos	1333–1334	usurpator (?) Thessalonicae et Macedonia (per Stephanum Dusanus)
	Ioannes V	Iōannēs (Komnēnos) Palaiologos	1341–1391	relegatus 1352–1353 in Tenedum insulam, ex 1354/1357 solus imperator, 1376–1379 et 1390 imperio pulsus; regnans Anna (usque 1347, 1351–1359 Thessalonicae); despotae: Momtschil (1344, Sebastocrator 1344, usurpator in Thracia usque 1345), Michael (post 1351/1354–1376/77, 1373 usurpator in Trapezunte), Ioannes Asanes (1355–1358, Sebastocrator ex 1347), Ioannes Cantacuzenus (ex 1357), Theodorus (vor 1376–1407, ex 1383 in Morea), Petrus Iustinianus (ex 1363, Chius), Theodorus Muzaka (1372–1389, Albania), Thomas Preljubović (1382–1384, usurpator ex 1366), Esau Buondelmonti (1386–1411, uterque Epirus); Sebastocratores: Demetrius Cantacuzenus (ex 1357, despota in Morea 1383), Gjin Muzaka (1372?–1389/90), Gjin Zenevisi (1380–1418, uterque Albania/Epirus), Leon Melissenus (?); Caesar: Alexius Philanthropenos (1381/82–1389, Thessalia); Stephanum Dusan regem Serbiae agnovit seque in clientelam sultani Murad I subiecit
	Michael Gabrielopulus	Michaēl Gabriēlopoulos	1342	usurpator in Thessalia
	Stephanus Dusan	Stephanos Ouresēs Dousan	1345–1355	imperatoris nomen sibi adrogavit, coronatus 1346; despotae: Iovanus Oliver ([1334?]1347–1356, Sebastocrator ex 1346), Iovanus Asen (1346/1350–1363, Albania), Ivaniš (1348), Dejan Dragaš (1355–post 1362, Sebastocrator ex 1346/47); Sebastocrator: Branko Mladenović (1346–1365); Caesares: Gregor Golubić (1346/47–post 1362), Vojihna (1346/47–post 1357), Gregor Preljub (1348–1355/56, Thessalia); successor: Stephanus Uroš (usque 1371, Mitregent ex 1346, ex 1365 cum Vukašin Mrnjavčević [despota ex 1364]; despotae: Jovan Uglješa [ex 1365], Jovan Dragaš; Sebastocrator: Vlatko Paskačić; Caesares: Novak, Uglješa Vlatković)
	Ioannes VI	Iōannēs Palaiologos Angelos Komnēnos Kantakouzēnos	1347–1354	augustus Johannes’ V. et regnans (regnans 1341, usurpator in Thracia ex 1341/1346); despotae: NicephorusOrsini (1347–1359, ex 1356 in Thessalia; 1339–1340 usurpator in Epirus per Katharina von Valois), Manuel (1347–1380, ex 1349 in Morea; 1354 contra Michael et Andreas Asanes), Manuel Asanes (1351/1354–1355, Sebastocrator ex 1347); Sebastocratores: Isaacius Ducas (1342/43–1345, Albania/Serbien), Ioannes Angelos (1347–1348, Thessalia), Nicephorus(1351–1355); Caesar: Hrelja (1341/42)
	Matthaeus	Matthaios Asanēs Kantakouzēnos	1353–1354	augustus sub Ioanne IV, coronatus 1354 (conregnans ex 1347), usurpator in Thracia usque 1357, despota in Morea 1361/1380–1383; Sebastocrator: Andronicus Asanes (1354–1356)
	Ioannes Limpiaridus	Iōannēs Limpidarios	1356	usurpator in Thracia
	Simeon Urus	Symeōn Ouresēs Palaiologos	1356–1370/71	usurpator in Thessalia (1359–1366 etiam in Epiro), despota ex 1346; despotae: Petrus Losha, Gjin Bua Shpata (uterque ex 1359/60, Aetolia/Epirus); Sebastocrator: Blaž Matarango (1358–1367, Albania); successor: Iovanus Uroš (usque 1373, augustus ex 1359/60?, 1384–1385 conregnans cum Maria in Epiro)
	Andronicus IV	Andronikos (Komnēnos) Palaiologos	1376–1379	contra Ioannes V., augustus 1352–1373 (Regent 1366–1367) et 1381–1385 (Thracia), usurpator 1373 et 1385
	Ioannes VII	Iōannēs Palaiologos	1390 1399–1402/03	contra Ioannem V. (per Bayezid I), augustus 1377–1379 et ex 1381/1385 (Thracia) augustus sub Manuel II regnansque usque 1408 Thessalonicae (1403/04–1407? cum Andronico V.)
	Manuel II	Manouēl Palaiologos	1391–1425	coronatus 1392, augustus sub Ioanne V ex 1373 (despota Thessalonicae ex 1369); regnans: Helena Cantacuzena (usque 1392); despotae: Constantinus Dragas (1392–1395, Macedonia), Stephanus Lazarević (ex 1402, Serbien), Theodorus (ex 1404?, 1407–1443 in Morea, usque 1448 in Thracia), Andronicus (1408–1423, Thessalonicae, 1419 cum Ioanne), Carolus Toccus (1411/1415–1429, Epirus); Caesar: Manuel Philanthropenus (1392/93–1394, Thessalia)
	Theodosius Cyprius	Theodosios ho Kyprios	1414?	usurpator (?) Constantinopoli
	Ioannes VIII	Iōannēs Palaiologos	1425–1448	augustus ex 1407 (despota ex 1403, regnans 1414–1416 et ex anno 1422); despotae: Demetrius (1428–1460 in Morea, usurpator 1442 et 1448, 1453–1454 contra Manuel Cantacuzenus, usque 1466 in Thaso insula) et Thomas (1428/1430–1460 in Morea, relegatus usque 1465 in Italiam; successor: Andreas, imperator secundum titulum usque 1502), Duradius (ex 1427/1429) et Lazarus Branković (ex 1446, uterque in Serbia)
	Constantinus XI	Kōnstantinos Dragasēs Palaiologos	1448–1453	coronatus 1449 (despota ex 1423, ex 1428 in Morea, regnans 1437–1440); regnans Helena Dragasa (usque 1449); "successor" Turcus („Caesar“): sultanus Mahometus II
Effigies	Nomen	Nomen indigenum	Imperii anni	Notae

Nexus interni

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Index Imperatorum Constantinopolitanorum