អត្ថបទនេះត្រូវបានសរសេរជាភាសាផ្សេង ដែលមិនមែនជាភាសាខ្មែរ។ បើសិនជាអត្ថបទទុកសម្រាប់អ្នកអានមកពី សហគមន៍នៃភាសាមួយនេះ វាគួរតែចែកចាយទៅវិគីភីឌាជាភាសានោះ។ សូមមើល បញ្ជីនៃគម្រោងវិគីភីឌាទាំងអស់។
អត្ថបទនេះត្រូវការបកប្រែទៅជាភាសាខ្មែរ។ សូមមើល ច្រកចូលអត្ថបទនេះ លើក្រុមទំព័រដែលត្រូវការបំណកប្រែទៅជាភាសាខ្មែរ ដើម្បីពិភាក្សា ។ ប្រសិនបើ អត្ថបទមិនត្រូវបានសរសេរជាភាសាខ្មែរឡើងវិញទេ ក្នុងរយៈពេលពីរសប្ដាហ៍ទៀត អត្ថបទនឹងត្រូវចុះបញ្ជីដើម្បីលុបចោល និង/ឬ ប្ដូរវាទៅកាន់វិគីភីឌាជាភាសាដើមរបស់វាវិញ ។ បើសិនជាលោកអ្នក គ្រាន់តែចង់បិទស្លាកទំព័រនេះត្រូវការបំណកប្រែ សូមបញ្ចូល {{អាទេស.:ត្រូវការបកប្រែ | ទំ. = ជំនួយពហុភាសា (ព្រាហ្ម) | ភាសា = មិនស្គាល់ | ផ្ដល់យោបល់ = }} ~~~~ ទៅខាងក្រោម នៃផ្នែក នៃក្រុមទំព័រនេះត្រូវការបំណកប្រែទៅជាភាសាខ្មែរ ។ |
Several pages on Wikipedia use Indic scripts to illustrate the native representation of names, places, quotes and literature. Unicode is the encoding used on Wikipedia and it contains support for a number of Indic scripts. However, before Indic scripts can be viewed or edited, support for complex text layout must be enabled on your operating system. Some older operating systems do not support complex text rendering and you should not use such systems to edit Indic scripts.
This page lists the methods for enabling complex text rendering based on the operating environment or browser you are using. Many of the methods highlighted can also be used for non-Indic complex scripts such as Arabic.
The following table compares how a correctly enabled computer would render the following scripts with how your computer renders them:
If the rendering on your computer matches the rendering in the images for the scripts, then you have already enabled complex text support. You should be able to view text correctly in that script. However, this does not mean you will be able to edit text in that script. To edit such text you need to have the appropriate text entry software on your operating system.
To type in Devenagari script, use of INSCRIPT इंस्क्रिप्ट keyboard is a permanent and easy solution. Inscript is standard developed by CDAC and approved by Government of India.
Devanagari Bilingual keyboard INSCRIPT. This keyboard can be configured to work with Windows 2000, Windows XP, Ubuntu Linux and fedora Linux etc. See below sections for detailed instructions.
These operating systems contain no inbuilt support for Indic scripts. Indic Scripts can only be seen properly in Internet Explorer. You also need to have an appropriate Unicode font installed in your system for that script. It is suggested to install Internet Explorer 6.0 because it has better support for Indic scripts.
Mozilla Firefox did not support Indic scripts properly on these operating systems unless a modified version of the program is used, such as the one found here. This is due to bugs in Firefox [១], [២]. This bug was fixed in Firefox 3, but Firefox 3 does not support Windows 98/ME.
No Unicode Keyboard Driver Engines (like Indic IME, BarahaIME etc) are available for these older systems. One can either use online typing tools or offline text editors specially made for this purpose. A list of such tools is given here.
User:Keymanweb/Keymanweb provides a web-based keyboard that is integrated into Wikipedia with support for 300 languages, including most of the complex scripts listed on this page.
Supports: Devanagari, Kannada, Tamil
ការគាំទ្រអត្ថបទស្មុគស្មាញត្រូវតែបើកដោយដៃ។
If you don't have the Windows CD or don't want to juggle with CD right now, you can simply download this zip file and extract its contents to a folder. When prompted for Windows CD, simply point to this folder using 'Browse' option of the prompt window.
អ្នកត្រូវតែអនុវត្តតាមជំហានខាងលើ មុនពេលអ្នកអនុវត្តជំហានដែលនៅសល់។
Supports: Bengali (XP SP2), Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam (XP SP2), Tamil, Telugu. The default Bengali font, Vrinda, appears too small, so it might be desirable to install another font. Oriya works with SP2 and later if you install unicode fonts.
ការគាំទ្រអត្ថបទស្មុគស្មាញត្រូវតែបើកដោយដៃ។
In Firefox, if Indic Scripts are still appearing incorrectly, you may then use the latest version of usp10.dll on your system and it may also be necessary to install a Unicode OpenType font.
This is an optional step, only when you want to use a specific Unicode font for your chosen particular language(s) for viewing webpages.
Tibetan is properly supported since Firefox 4.
Windows XP has inbuilt InScript Keyboards for nearly all Indian languages. You can add them via Control Panel. You must follow the steps above before you perform the remaining steps.
You can use the combination ALT + SHIFT to switch between different keyboard layouts (e.g. from a UK Keyboard to Gurmukhi and vice-versa). If you want a language bar, you can select it by pressing the "Language Bar…" button on the "Text Services and Input Languages" dialog and then selecting "Show the language bar on my desktop". The language bar enables you to visually select the keyboard layout you are using.
Baraha and PramukhIME are Phonetic based software and includes nearly all of Indic languages. Baraha Direct included in Baraha Package supports both ANSI & Unicode while BarahaIME supports only Unicode.
If you do not have Windows CD, there is a modified version of the installer for Hindi named Hindi Toolkit which automatically installs Indic Support as well as Hindi Indic IME.
Supports: Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Sinhala, Tamil, Telugu, Tibetan. The default Bengali font, Vrinda, appears too small, so it might be desirable to install another font.
ការគាំទ្រអត្ថបទស្មុគស្មាញត្រូវបានបើកដោយស្វ័យប្រវត្តិ។
ទំព័រគំរូ:Burmese characters You do not need to do anything to enable viewing of Indic text, except Burmese script (examples: ဃ + ြ → ဃြ and မြန်မာအက္ခရာ) which needs a font not pre-installed on Vista. Follow the help provided in Template:Burmese characters at the right.
The pre-installed Khmer fonts in Windows Vista and Windows 7 are generally considered illegible due to their tiny default point. If desire, these fonts may be replaced with other Khmer Unicode fonts available online. See http://www.selapa.net/khmerfonts/ for a list of Khmer Unicode fonts.
Windows Vista, like Windows XP, has inbuilt InScript keyboards for nearly all Indian languages. You can add them via the Control Panel.
The hot key combination for switching between languages is Left Alt+Shift.
For Phonetic typing BarahaIME and PramukhIME or the ISIS keyboards by Prof Gautam Sengupta[តំណភ្ជាប់ខូច] are suggested and for Remington typing IndicIME is suggested.
The Indian Language Kit, available from Apple at additional cost,[៣] provides support for Devanagari, Gujarati and Gurmukhi. No third-party Unicode solutions are known, though numerous custom-encoded fonts exist.
Inbuilt support:
Additional fonts:
Non-free fonts and keyboards for all Indic scripts are available from xenotypetech.com
Note: Additional fonts for these scripts have to be in /Library/Fonts in order for text to be displayed.
You do not need to do anything to enable viewing of Indic text as long as you have installed a suitable font. The Indic text will be displayed by Safari or most other Cocoa applications, which fully support rearrangement and substitution for AAT-based fonts, and it will be displayed by Firefox after 4.0 which fully supports rearrangement and substitution for OpenType-based fonts by using HarfBuzz. Opera also provides some support, although considerable bugs remain as of version 11.01 (though Opera at least renders the glyphs).
Carbon applications such as Microsoft Word and Adobe Photoshop do not generally support Indic script.
Specific keyboard layouts can be enabled in System Preferences, in the International pane. Switching among enabled keyboard layouts is done through the input menu in the upper right corner of the screen. The input menu appears as an icon indicating the current input method or keyboard layout — often a flag identified with the country, language, or script. Specific instructions are available from the "Help" menu (search for "Writing text in other languages").
Mac OS 10.4 system software comes with two installable Keyboard input options for Tamil: Murasu Anjal and Tamilnet 99. One needs to do the following steps to activate them:
i) Open "international" located within System Preferences and select "language". Select the "edit list", select "Tamil" from the list of languages shown and click OK.
ii) Select "input menu" to see a list of keyboard options available. Select "Anjal" and "Tamilnet99" keyboards under Murasu Anjal Tamil and Click OK.
iii) Anjal and Tamilnet99 keyboard icons appear immediately in the list of keyboards to select under the country flag in the top menu bar.
An alternative way to activate the keyboard(s) for Devanagari (Hindi etc.):
i) Open "International" located within System Preferences and select the "Input Menu" tab. (ii) Check the option for "Devanagari" and/or "Devanagari - QWERTY". (iii) Check the "Show input menu in menu bar" option at the bottom of the "International" panel. Close the panel, and the new keyboard(s) should be available for selection when you click on the menu bar icon (upper right corner).
SIL distributes a freeware Ukelele that allows anyone to design their own input keyboard for Mac OS X.
Supports: Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Tibetan
You do not need to do anything to enable viewing of Indic text in GNOME 2.8 or later. Older versions may have support for some, but not all Indic scripts. Ensure you have appropriate Unicode fonts for each script you wish to view or edit.
Some web browsers may require you to enable Pango rendering to view Indic text properly.
gconf-editor
and click Run. The Configuration Editor window will appear. In the left pane, unfold apps
→ epiphany
and click the web
section. In the right pane, check the box next to the enable_pango
option, then restart Epiphany.MOZ_ENABLE_PANGO=1 mozilla
or MOZ_ENABLE_PANGO=1 firefox
. After this, all future sessions of Mozilla or Firefox will have Indic language support. MOZ_DISABLE_PANGO=0 firefox
. Future sessions do not remember this setting, so it must be repeated.For instance, to support Kannada display, the following is sufficient: sudo apt-get install language-pack-kn language-support-kn language-pack-gnome-kn ttf-kannada-fonts
similarly, to support Tamizh display, the following is sufficient: sudo apt-get install language-pack-ta language-support-ta language-pack-gnome-ta ttf-tamil-fonts
and to support Telugu display, the following is sufficient: sudo apt-get install language-pack-te language-support-te language-pack-gnome-te ttf-telugu-fonts
Using SCIM
Another option is to use SCIM. To enable it,
groupinstall hindi-support
For more check (on Fedora) http://www.ruturaj.net/fedora-6-hindi-support-scim on Fedora, or (on Debian/Ubuntu) http://dev.sampada.net/Baraha_like_Input_on_Linux
Supports: Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi, Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu.
You do not need to do anything to enable viewing of Indic text. Ensure you have appropriate Unicode fonts for each script you wish to view or edit.
Supports: Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi (including the variants for Punjabi), Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu, Tibetan.
Enter as root:
apt-get install ttf-indic-fonts
and when the installation is complete restart the X server.
1. Go to a Virtual Terminal, say CTRL+ALT+F1 (anything from F1 to F6). You will see a console. Login with your user credentials. 2. Then enter the following commands as root or sudo
/etc/init.d/ kdm|gdm3|xdm stop /etc/init.d/ kdm|gdm3|xdm restart
The package name for the TrueType font of Thai is ttf-thai-tlwg
For viewing Tibetan script
Enter as root:
apt-get install ttf-tmuni ttf-dzongkha
For Mozilla and Firefox, see the comments above under "gnome". Rendering should work correctly "out of the box" as of Debian-4.0 (etch).
SCIM supports text input in Indic languages including phonetic layout. SCIM should be working by default in recent distributions. More instructions on using and configuring SCIM can be found on help.ubuntu.com [៥]
Supports: Bengali, Devanagari, Gujarati, Gurmukhi (including the variants for Punjabi), Kannada, Malayalam, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu among others.
For example, to install Kannada fonts, Simply enter as root on the console and type in the command:
yum install fonts-kannada
This will download the Kannada fonts from the repositories and install it.
Similarly, for Hindi, say, enter as root on the console and type in the command:
yum install fonts-hindi
Start the Add/Remove software applet. For example in KDE, say, navigate to System and then Add/Remove software. In the applet window, select Languages on the list box to your left hand side. In the right hand side list box, select the Indian languages of interest to you.
For example, to have Kannada key board support, check the box for Kannada Support. Similarly, for Hindi support, say, check the box for Hindi Support.
It has been observed that for Kannada, Fedora not only puts in Kannada keyboard support, but also provides transliteration support and also the keyboard support for KGP (Kannada Ganaka Parishad) keyboards. With this feature, users can directly type in Kannada words in Roman script to be transliterated to Kannada text in the application of your choice. For example into your browser, text editor, document editor, email client etc. Users can also use native Kannada keyboards, KGP based or otherwise to type in Kannada texts directly.
Supports: Bengali (including the variants for Assamese), Gujarati, Gurmukhi (including variants for Punjabi), Devanagari (for Hindi and Sanskrit), Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Tamil, Telugu.
To install Indic fonts:
pacman -S ttf-indic-otf
To enter Indic text in GNOME/KDE, follow the instructions in the respective sections above.
Supports: Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu,
emerge lohit-fonts
Note: The lohit-fonts package was earlier named media-fonts/fonts-indic.
The mozilla-*-bin products shipped by gentoo are directly taken from mozilla's ftp servers and aren't built with pango support. Unless you notice a problem with this you need to build your own copy with the "moznopango" USE flag disabled: USE="-moznopango" (notice the minus sign, which in this case results in a double negation). Firefox 3 will be shipping with pango enabled by default.
emerge -av scim-tables scim-m17n
Study the USE flags and the LINGUAS flags and set them accordingly depending on your desktop environment and language support needed. The following needs to be set whenever you login (append it to your .xinitrc or .xsession).
export XMODIFIERS=@im=SCIM #case matters for this variable! export GTK_IM_MODULE=scim export QT_IM_MODULE=scim
Mozilla apps and precompiled software such as acroread might not play well with scim (C++). In such cases, make use of scim-bridge (C - avoiding C++ ABI issues) [៦].
emerge scim-bridge
and startup firefox as:
% GTK_IM_MODULE=scim-bridge firefox
You might have to start the scim daemon manually. (Add it your session's startup)
scim -d
SCIM is a unified frontend for currently available input method libraries.
Supports: Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Oriya, Punjabi, Tamil, Telugu.
cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/fonts-indic && make install clean
The binary package of firefox (when you do pkg_add -r firefox) might give the same problems as in Gentoo's bin package (needs confirmation)
cd /usr/ports/x11-fonts/fonts-te && make install clean
The above port is for Telugu Pothana2000 Fonts.
See Gentoo's section above.
Similar to FreeBSD
cd /usr/pkgsrc/fonts/lohit-fonts && make install clean
If you have followed the instructions for your computer system as mentioned above and you still cannot view Indic text properly, you may need to install a Unicode font:
The governmental Department of Information Technology (India) has provided Unicode Indic fonts for four of the Indic scripts used in India (several versions for Devanagari, one version for each of Kannada, Malayalam and Tamil).
WAZU JAPAN's Gallery of Unicode Fonts is an excellent resource for all Indic scripts.
This article uses material from the Wikipedia ភាសាខ្មែរ article ជំនួយ:ជំនួយពហុភាសា (ព្រាហ្ម), which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). ខ្លឹមសារអត្ថបទប្រើប្រាស់បានក្រោមអាជ្ញាបណ្ឌCC BY-SA 4.0 លើកលែងតែមានបញ្ជាក់ផ្សេងពីនោះ។ Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
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