Nature Red in Tooth and Claw: Theism and the Problem of Animal Suffering bụ akwụkwọ 2008 nke Michael J. Murray, nke na-enyocha ahụhụ anụmanụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka Ihe ọjọọ sitere n'okike, n'ime nsogbu nke ihe ọjọọ. Aha akwụkwọ ahụ na-ezo aka n'okwu a ma ama na nke a na-ekwukarị site na uri "In Memoriam A.H.H." nke Alfred, Lord Tennyson.
Onye ọkà ihe ọmụma Mylan Engel Jr. kọwara akwụkwọ ahụ dị ka ederede bara uru maka nkà ihe ọmụma nke nkuzi okpukpe, ọkachasị ndị na-ekwu maka nsogbu nke ihe ọjọọ. na-ekwu na akwụkwọ ahụ bara uru n'ihi na ọ "na-egosi etu atụmanya nke onye na-ekpere arụsị si bụrụ ihe na-adịghị mma maka ijikwa ihe ịma aka a na-adịgide adịgide na ezi uche nke nkwenkwe ndị na-ekwere na Chineke", mana ọ na-akpali nchegbu na Murray "na-ebelata mkpa nke ahụhụ anụmanụ", nke nwere ike ime ka ụfọdụ ndị na-agụ ya ghara ime ihe iji belata ahụhụ anụmanụ nke ha n'onwe ha na-enye aka. J. Lynch na-ekwukwa na "Causa Dei" na-agbachitere ịdị adị Chineke nke a kwadoro n'akwụkwọ ahụ "nwere ike belata ihe dị mkpa nke nhụjuanya anụmanụ ma ọ bụ kọwaa ya", mana ọ na-akpọ akwụkwọ ahụ zuru oke ma chee na ọ ga-akpali mkparịta ụka banyere isiokwu ahụ, ọbụlagodi na ọ "dozi nsogbu nke Chineke na ihe mgbu anụmanụ".
. J. Mawson na-ekwu na akwụkwọ ahụ kama inye Theodicy, bụ ihe na-agbachitere ikpere arụsị n'ìhè nke ihe akaebe dịnụ ma na-atụ aro na n'ozuzu, akwụkwọ ahụ na-akwado mkpebi ikpe nke "okwu a na-egosighị", mgbe ọ bịara na nsogbu nke ahụhụ anụmanụ.
. R. Dodsworth na-eto akwụkwọ ahụ, na-akpọ ya "nke e ji nlezianya arụmụka, nke akụkọ ihe mere eme kwadoro ma nwee nghọta". Gary Chartier dịkwa mma, na-akpọ akwụkwọ ahụ "naanị akwụkwọ ogologo na Bekee nke theodicy na ahụhụ anụmanụ na nkà ihe ọmụma nke okpukpe", na-ekwusi ike na ọ na-enye ìhè ma na-enyocha otu n'ime akụkụ kachasị nsogbu nke nsogbu nke ihe ọjọọ maka ndị na-ekweghị na Chineke, nke a na-ewere ugboro ugboro dị ka ihe a na-apụghị idozi edozi na "Murray setịpụrụ ụkpụrụ maka mkparịta ụka banyere ihe mgbu anụmanụ dị ka nsogbu na theodicy".
. Robert Mesle na-akatọ akwụkwọ ahụ, na-ekwu na ọ na-elekwasị anya na "otu nkọwa ọdịnala nke Chineke" dị oke mkpụmkpụ nakwa na ya na ndị ọkà mmụta okpukpe nwere echiche dị iche iche banyere Chineke, na-ekwukwa na akwụkwọ ahụ na-egosipụta "ụkpụrụ dị ala nke ezi uche", nke "na-eme ka anyị pụọ n'ọchịchọ ka ndị ọkà ihe ọmụma na ndị ọkà ihe ọmụmụ okpukpe dị ukwuu".
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