Usia Legal Minum Minuman Beralkohol

Secara legal, ada aturan usia yang berbeda-beda di beberapa negara terkait membeli minumab beralkohol. Umumnya, peraturan hukum di banyak negara hanya mengatur kebolehan untuk mengonsumsi minuman beralkohol di publik. Sedangkan konsumsi di ruang privat seperti rumah, tidak banyak diatur.

Britania Raya adalah satu-satunya negara yang memiliki hukum usia minum untuk minum alkohol di rumah. Beberapa negara Islam melarang kaum Muslim, atau keduanya Muslim dan non-Muslim, dari minum alkohol pada usia berapa pun. Di beberapa negara, itu tidak ilegal untuk anak-anak untuk minum alkohol tetapi alkohol dapat disita tanpa kompensasi. Dalam beberapa kasus, adalah ilegal untuk menjual atau memberikan alkohol kepada anak di bawah umur. Daftar berikut ini menunjukkan usia orang untuk siapa itu legal untuk mengkonsumsi dan membeli alkohol.

Afrika

Usia minimum yang paling umum untuk membeli alkohol di Afrika adalah 16 tahun. Namun, Angola (kecuali Provinsi Luanda), Republik Afrika Tengah, Komoro, Guinea Khatulistiwa, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, dan Togo tidak memiliki undang-undang yang membatasi penjualan alkohol untuk anak di bawah umur. Di Libya, Somalia dan Sudan penjualan, produksi dan konsumsi alkohol sepenuhnya dilarang

Negara/region	De jure		Catatan
Negara/region	Usia peminum	Usia pembeli	Catatan
Algeria	18
Angola	18^{[butuh rujukan]}		Tidak ada undang-undang yang melarang penjualan alkohol kepada anak di bawah umur.
Benin	20
Botswana	18		Setiap orang yang memiliki lisensi minuman keras dilarang menjual atau memasok minuman beralkohol kepada anak di bawah umur di bawah 18 tahun. Karena undang-undang ini hanya berlaku untuk pemegang lisensi, maka tidak ada larangan bagi anak di bawah umur untuk membeli, mengonsumsi, atau memiliki minuman beralkohol. Juga dilarang bagi siapa pun untuk mengekspos atau memberikan alkohol kepada anak di bawah umur di bawah 18 tahun
Burundi	18		Tidak ada batas selama didampingi orang tua
Cameroon	18	21	18 on the premises, 21 off the premises
Cape Verde	18
Central African Republic	18
Chad	18
Comoros	None
Egypt	18 (bir), 21 (wine/spirit)
Equatorial Guinea	None
Eritrea	18
Ethiopia	18
Gabon	18		Ilegal untuk dikonsumsi Muslim
Gambia	18		Ilegal untuk dikonsumsi Muslim
Ghana	18
Guinea-Bissau	None
Kenya	18
Lesotho	18
Libya	Illegal
Malawi	18
Mauritius	18
Morocco	None	16
Mozambique	18
Namibia	18
Niger	18
Nigeria	18
Republic of the Congo	18
Rwanda	18
Seychelles	18
Somalia	None
South Africa	18		Wali orang tua, orang dewasa di bawah umur atau orang yang bertanggung jawab untuk pemberian sakramen agama, mungkin pada kesempatan pasokan untuk kecil yang jumlah moderat minuman keras untuk dikonsumsi oleh anak di bawah umur di hadapan dan di bawah pengawasan orang tua itu, wali atau orang lainnya.
South Sudan	18
Swaziland	None	18
Sudan	Illegal
Tanzania	18
Togo	None
Uganda	18
Tunisia	18
Zambia	18
Zimbabwe	18

Amerika

Negara / region	De jure		Catatan
Negara / region	Usia peminum	Usia pembeli	Catatan
Argentina	18		Penjualan alkohol dilarang setelah jam 09:00 malam. ID dapat diperlukan.
Bahamas	18
Belize	18
Bermuda	18
Bolivia	18
Brazil	18		Hukum mengenai kepemilikan atau konsumsi alkohol oleh anak-anak hampir tidak ditegakkan, terutama jika di perusahaan orang tua atau wali, tetapi mereka mengenai penjualan anak di bawah umur alkohol keras yang dikenakan oleh penjaga hukum, dan itu adalah hukum untuk mengingat usia pembelian hukum sementara iklan alkohol minuman. ID Card diperlukan untuk pembelian.
Canada	18		Di Alberta, Manitoba, and Quebec, hukum usia minum alkohol adalah 18. Di bawah umur minum 16 - dan 17-year-olds di bawah pengawasan orang tua diperbolehkan di Manitoba, dan di bawah pengawasan orang tua di tempat tinggal atau tempat tinggal sementara di Alberta.
Canada	19		In Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Northwest Territories, Yukon, and Nunavut, the legal drinking age is 19. Underage drinking under parental supervision is permitted, with some restrictions, on one's own property in the provinces of New Brunswick and Ontario and at home in the provinces of Prince Edward Island and Saskatchewan. In British Columbia, only children of the supervising parents, not any other minors such as guests, are allowed underage drinking. Consumption of alcohol in another person's home is subject to other laws.
Chile	18		The minimum age is 18 for buying and consuming alcohol. Selling alcohol to a minor may attract a fine. One must provide identification upon request. Residents of Chile over the age of 18 must carry their Chilean identification card issued by the Civil Registry and Identification Service at all times.
Colombia	18
Costa Rica	18
Cuba	None	18
Dominican Republic	18
Ecuador	18
El Salvador	18
Falkland Islands	18
Guatemala	18
Guyana	18
Haiti	16
Honduras	18
Jamaica	None	18
Mexico	18
Nicaragua	19
Panama	18
Paraguay	20
Peru	18
Puerto Rico	18
Trinidad and Tobago	18
United States (50 states and integral territories)	21		The National Minimum Drinking Age Act of 1984 withholds revenue from states that allow the purchase of alcohol by anyone under the age of 21. Prior to the effective date of that Act, the drinking age varied from state to state. Some states do not allow those under the legal drinking age to be present in liquor stores or in bars (usually, the difference between a bar and a restaurant is that food is served only in the latter). Contrary to popular belief, since the act went into law, only a few states prohibit minors and young adults from consuming alcohol in private settings. As of January 1, 2010, 15 states and the District of Columbia ban underage consumption outright, 17 states do not ban underage consumption, and the remaining 18 states have family member and/or location exceptions to their underage consumption laws. Federal law explicitly provides for religious, medical, employment and private club possession exceptions; as of 2005, 31 states have family member and/or location exceptions to their underage possession laws. However, non-alcoholic beer in many (but not all) states, such as Idaho, Texas, and Maryland, is considered legal for those under the age of 21. By a judge's ruling, South Carolina appears to allow the possession and consumption of alcohol by adults 18 to 20 years of age, but a circuit court judge said otherwise. The State of Wisconsin allows the consumption of alcohol in the presence of parents. Some U.S. States have legislation that make providing to and possession of alcohol by persons under 21 a gross misdemeanor with a potential of $5,000 and a year in jail (or more).
United States Virgin Islands	18
Uruguay	None	18	Penjualan alkohol dilarang setelah 00:00 tengah malam. ID dapat diperlukan.^{[butuh klarifikasi]}^{[butuh rujukan]}
Venezuela	18

Asia

Negara / region	De jure		Catatan
Negara / region	Usia peminum	Usia pembeli	Catatan
Afghanistan	Illegal
Armenia	None^{[butuh rujukan]}
Azerbaijan	16
Brunei	Illegal		Although it is illegal to purchase alcohol, it is legal for non-Muslims aged 17 and above to bring limited amounts of alcohol into the country every 48 hours if it is consumed in their home.
Bangladesh	Illegal
Cambodia	None
China	18		Introduced in January 2006.
Cyprus	17
Georgia	16
Hong Kong	18		The regulation is only applicable to restaurants, bars and clubs, where a liquor license is required. No license is required for selling liquor in other places, and there is no law concerning drinking alcoholic beverages.
India	18–25 (varies between states).		Consumption of alcohol is prohibited in the states of Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland and Gujarat.
Indonesia	21		Dilarang di Banda Aceh dan Papua. Berdasarkan Permendag No. 20 tahun 2014, Qanun Aceh No. 6 tahun 2014 Tentang Hukum Jinayat, dan Peraturan Daerah Provinsi Papua No.15 tahun 2013.
Iran	Almost entirely illegal^{[butuh rujukan]}		Ada larangan alkohol, namun agama minoritas dapat membeli jumlah kecil dari toko-toko yang dimiliki oleh minoritas agama yang sama.
Iraq	18
Israel	18		Ini adalah ilegal untuk menjual alkohol 23:00-06:00, di luar pub dan restoran. Undang-undang melarang menjual atau melayani alkohol untuk anak di bawah umur, tetapi tidak melarang anak di bawah umur untuk minum.
Jordan	18
Japan	20
Kazakhstan	21
Kuwait	Illegal
Kyrgyzstan	18
Lebanon	18
Macau	None	None
Malaysia	16^{[butuh rujukan]}	18^{[butuh rujukan]}	Di daerah dengan lebih dari 50% dari populasi Muslim, penjualan alkohol dibatasi ke tempat-tempat yang dipilih. Ini adalah ilegal untuk menjual alkohol bagi kaum Muslim dan orang-orang di bawah 18, tetapi tidak ada pembatasan umur minum.
Maldives	18		Sale of alcohol is limited to tourist resorts. It is illegal to sell alcohol to Muslims.
Mongolia	18
Nepal	18^{[butuh rujukan]}	None
North Korea	18^{[butuh rujukan]}		Alcoholic beverages are served on Saturdays.^{[butuh rujukan]}
Oman	21		Warga perlu lisensi minuman keras pribadi mengkonsumsi alkohol di rumah pribadi mereka.
Pakistan	21		Forbidden by Sharia. Illegal for Muslims
Palestine	16		Legal in most cities
Philippines	None
Qatar	21^{[butuh rujukan]}		Muslim diperbolehkan untuk membeli alkohol, tetapi umumnya tidak diperbolehkan untuk mengkonsumsi. Non Muslim diperbolehkan untuk membeli, dan mengkonsumsi alkohol. Satu-satunya distributor legal alkohol di negara ini adalah Qatar Distribution Company yang berlokasi di Doha.
Saudi Arabia	Illegal^{[butuh rujukan]}		Drinking or possessing alcohol is illegal in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Persons who drink or possess alcohol are subject to arrest and trial.^[tepercaya?]
Singapore	18
South Korea	19
Sri Lanka	21
Syria	18^{[butuh rujukan]}		Selama Perang Sipil Suriah, ekstremis Islam telah membuat konsumsi alkohol ilegal menurut wilayah di bawah kendali mereka.
Taiwan	18		It is illegal for anyone under the age of 18 to consume alcohol. Parents, guardians, and others taking care of people under 18 shall prohibit underage drinking, or risk administrative fines of 10000 to 50000 new Taiwan dollars when the situations are serious. One shall not supply alcohol to anyone under the age of 18. A violator shall be administratively fined 3000 to 15000 new Taiwan dollars.
Tajikistan	21^{[butuh rujukan]}		Off-limits to the Muslim majority
Thailand	20		The Minuman Beralkohol Control Act of 2008 meningkat usia minum di Thailand 18-20. Penjualan alkohol dilarang antara 14:00-17:00 dan antara tengah malam hingga 11:00 dan juga pada hari pemilu dan beberapa hari libur keagamaan.
Turkmenistan	18
Turkey	18		The government has been steadily restricting alcohol in Turkey, with proposals to create alcohol-free zones, bars on alcohol sold in new packaging, bans on sports advertising, restricting sales, and making it harder to have alcohol at public events. Alcohol is still readily available and the legal age is rarely enforced in bars or convenience stores.
United Arab Emirates	21^{[butuh rujukan]}		Expatriate non-Muslim residents may request a liquor permit to purchase alcoholic beverages, but it is illegal for such holders to provide drinks to others.
Vietnam	None	18
Yemen	Illegal^{[butuh rujukan]}		Exception is in Aden Region where it's legal for 21 and up

Eropa

Country / region	De jure		Notes
Country / region	Usia peminum	Usia pembeli	Notes
Albania	18
Austria	16, 18 for distilled beverages in some areas.		Upper Austria, Salzburg and Tirol prohibit the consumption of distilled beverages below the age of 18, while Carinthia and Styria prohibit drinks containing more than 12% or 14% of alcohol respectively in this age bracket. Carinthia also requires adolescents to maintain a blood alcohol level below 0.05%, Upper Austria prohibits "excessive consumption", and Salzburg prohibits consumption that would result in a state of intoxication. Prohibitions in Vienna, Burgenland, Lower Austria and Vorarlberg apply only to alcohol consumption in public. Vienna also prohibits the consumption of alcohol in schools by those under the age of 18.
Belarus	18
Belgium	16 for beer and wine, 18 for spirits		Since 10 January 2010, it is illegal to "sell, serve, or offer" any form of distilled alcohol to those under the age of 18 or any alcoholic drink to those under 16. So fermented drinks like beer or wine are permitted above 16. Previously, it was illegal to sell alcoholic drinks to under-16s, but accompanying adults could buy drinks for them.
Bosnia and Herzegovina	18^{[butuh rujukan]}	18^{[butuh rujukan]}
Bulgaria	None	18	The Health Act prohibits the sale of alcoholic beverages to persons under 18 years of age, but not their consumption.
Croatia	18
Czech Republic	18		The sale of alcohol to minors is illegal, consumption is not prohibited by law.
Denmark	18 to be served at bars, discos etc.	16	To buy alcohol (above 1.2% and below 16.5% ABV) in stores, one must be 16; but to be served alcohol at bars, restaurants and discos, the minimum is 18. For alcohol above 16.5%, the age is 18. There is no drinking age, only a purchase age, and an adult may buy alcohol for a minor. By tradition, youths are privately allowed to drink alcohol after their confirmation. If a shop or bar fails to ask for an ID card and is identified having sold alcohol to an underage, it is subject to fine. A national ID card, obtained in the local town hall, can serve as age verification. This card is rarely used though since a passport or moped-licence can sometimes be used.
Estonia	18		Drinking in public is prohibited for everyone. Stores may sell alcohol only between 10 a.m. and 10 p.m.
Finland	18 for possession and purchase of 1.2–22% ABV 20 for possession and purchase of 23–80% ABV 18 for all in bars, clubs and restaurants		All major grocery chains have implemented the policy to ask for ID if the customer is looking under 30. Stores may refuse to sell if the customer is accompanied by a minor or proxy purchasing is suspected. Purchasing alcohol on behalf of a minor is considered a criminal offence. Police may search minors in public places and confiscate or destroy any alcoholic beverages in their possession. Incidents are reported to the legal guardian and social authorities, who may intervene with child welfare procedures. In addition, those aged 15 or above are subject to a fine. In private, offering alcohol to a minor is considered a criminal offence if it results in drunkenness and the act can be deemed reprehensible as a whole, considering the minor's age, degree of maturity and other circumstances.
France	18		France has no explicitly stated consumption age, but selling alcohol to a minor (under 18) is illegal and can be fined 7500 euros. This age was raised from 16 to 18 in 2009. Supplying minors with alcohol that results in intoxication is forbidden.
Germany	16 for beer and wine as some other party drinks without spirits; 18 for spirits		Selling alcohol or permitting minors to drink below the respective drinking age can be fined between €100 and €4000, depending on type of alcohol and points of sale. Fermented alcoholic beverages may be consumed by minors at the age of 14 in public in presence of a legal guardian; drinking in private is allowed. The restrictions on distilled beverages apply also to mixed drinks containing them.
Gibraltar	18	18
Greece	18	None
Hungary	18
Iceland	20		Possession or consumption of alcohol by minors is not an offence, but supplying them with alcohol is. However, law allows alcohol possessed by a minor to be confiscated.
Ireland	18		It is illegal for minors to buy alcohol, to attempt to buy it for minors or to consume alcohol in a public space in Ireland. Those under 18 may consume alcohol in a private residence when permission is given from a parent or guardian. It is illegal to purchase alcohol for anybody under the age of consent without permission from their guardians. Alcohol can be sold in stores only between 10:30 and 22:00 on weekdays and Saturdays or 12:30 and 22:00 on Sundays.
Italy	18		The age was raised from 16 to 18 in 2013 by the Health Minister Renato Balduzzi. Selling alcohol to minors carries a fine between €250 and €1000.
Latvia	18		Selling alcoholic beverages in stores, with the exception of bars, clubs and restaurants, is prohibited between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m. Drinking in public is prohibited.
Liechtenstein	16 for wine, beer and cider 18 for spirits and spirit-based beverages. e.g. alcopops		Wine, beer and ciders as well as some other party drinks sometimes without spirits may be purchased by the age of 16. Spirits as well as alcopops may be sold only to people at least 18.
Lithuania	18		In the Republic of Lithuania drinking in public is prohibited. Selling alcoholic beverages in stores is prohibited between 10 p.m. and 8 a.m and on 1 September of every year. Minors under the age of 18 are prohibited from consuming alcoholic beverages or from having them.
Luxembourg	16
Macedonia	18		Must show an ID card upon request. From May 1 until September 30, alcohol can be sold in stores only between 6:00 and 21:00
Malta	17		Must provide identification upon request.
Moldova	18
Montenegro	None	18^{[butuh rujukan]}
Netherlands	18		If the person is under the age of 25, an identity card has to be shown before buying. Drinking in public is banned by local ordinance in most municipalities. Selling alcohol to underage customers carries a fine of €900–3,600.^{[butuh rujukan]}
Norway	None	18 (<22%) 20 (≥22% ABV)	Selling alcohol to or buying alcohol for minors is illegal. Minors are defined as under 18 for beer and wine, under 20 for drinks that contain 22% ABV or more. Minors who buy alcohol are not held criminally responsible; instead, the crime lies with those who sold it or obtained it for them. Alcohol may be sold in stores between 08:00 and 20:00 on weekdays, and Saturdays between 08:00 and 18:00. Alcoholic beverages containing more than 4,75 % ABV are sold in Vinmonopolet. In Vinmonopolet alcohol may be sold between 08:00 and 18:00 during week days, and between 08:00 and 15:00 the day before Sunday or religious holidays. Alcohol with more than 60% ABV is generally not sold in Norway, although exceptions may be made by the government for specific products. Alcohol possessed by minors may be confiscated as evidence. Drinking in public is prohibited, though this is rarely enforced in recreational areas.
Poland	None	18	Article 15 clearly states that buyers must be at least 18 and prove it with ID if they look like they may not be at least that age. Poland has no explicitly stated consumption age.
Portugal	16 for beer and wine, 18 for spirits		Age for spirits increased to 18 in 2012.
Romania	None	18	Menurut hukum 61/1991 diperbarui pada tahun 2008, paragraf 21-25, adalah ilegal untuk melayani atau menjual alkohol kepada anak-anak. Undang-undang juga memberlakukan pembatasan melayani atau menjual alkohol di beberapa lokasi publik (taman, rumah sakit, sekolah, stadion, bandara, transportasi umum, dll) atau selama peristiwa-peristiwa tertentu (pemogokan, pertemuan-pertemuan publik, acara olahraga, dll)
Russia	None	18	There is no law or regulation in Russia that prohibits minors from consuming alcohol, but selling alcohol to minors is prohibited by federal and additional regional laws.
Serbia	18
Slowakia	18^{[butuh rujukan]}
Slovenia	18		Tidak ada hukum yang mengatur kepemilikan dan konsumsi, tetapi itu adalah ilegal untuk menjual atau menawarkan alkohol dalam bentuk apapun kepada anak di bawah umur. Juga, adalah ilegal untuk menjual alkohol di toko-toko 21:00-7:00, 10:00 di bar dan restoran. Undang-undang juga melarang alkohol untuk melayani pelanggan jelas mabuk serta kurang dari 1 jam sebelum dan selama acara olahraga.^{[butuh rujukan]}
Spain	18		18 in most regions. 16 in Asturias. It is illegal to sell alcohol to people under 18, the fine being between €30,000 and €600,000. Stores are not allowed to sell alcohol between 10 p.m. and 9 a.m without a specific license, after a recent law was passed.
Sweden	None (drinking supervised in private "in moderation") None (less than 2.25% ABV) 18 (bars and restaurants), 18 (2.25%–3.5% ABV in food shops), 20 (Systembolaget shops),		See also alcohol in Sweden. Many clubs choose to have higher age limits than 18, commonly 20 or 23. It is legal to drink below 18, but it is illegal to sell, lend or give alcohol to someone under that age, and the police can seize alcohol from them. The reason for lower limit in bars than in Systembolaget shops is that bartenders have a legal responsibility for how drunk a guest gets.
Switzerland	16 for beer, wine and cider with less than 15% ABV; 18 for spirits		The canton Ticino prohibits selling and consumption of any type of alcohol by minors under the age of 18. Some shops and supermarkets may not sell alcohol to minors under the age of 18.
Ukraine	18
United Kingdom	18		Usia minimum untuk pembelian alkohol adalah 18. Orang berusia <-! Tidak 14 NB, yang terus mendapatkan ditambahkan di sini. 2003 Undang-undang dicabut tahun 1964 bertindak, dan mengangkat 'dengan makan' usia 13-16. -> 16 atau 17 mungkin mengkonsumsi anggur, bir atau sari di lokal berlisensi ketika diperintahkan dengan makan. In England and Wales, itu harus seorang dewasa yang memesan; Namun, orang dewasa tidak harus hadir untuk memesan alkohol dengan makan di Skotlandia. Usia legal untuk pembelian alkohol dari off-licence (toko / supermarket) adalah 18. (Usia legal untuk membeli minuman keras cokelat adalah 16, tapi ini jarang ditegakkan.)^{[butuh rujukan]} It is illegal to give children under 5 alcohol unless under medical supervision or in an emergency (Children and Young Persons Act 1933, Children and Young Persons (Scotland) Act 1937). If you're five or over and under 16, there is no legal restriction on you drinking alcohol at home or on other private premises. Purchasing alcohol on behalf of a minor is illegal in all of the United Kingdom. This means acting as the young person's agent. Under the BBPA's Challenge 21 scheme, customers attempting to buy alcoholic beverages are asked to prove their age if in the retailer's opinion they look under 21 even though the law states they must be a minimum of 18. Many supermarket and off-licence chains display Challenge 21 notices stating that they will not serve persons who look under 21 without ID. Supermarkets or off-licence chains that are found to have violated the law and have repeatedly sold alcohol to underage persons are then required to adopt the Challenge 25 scheme. Failing to adhere to this may result in revocation of the licence to sell alcohol. (Challenge 25 is standard procedure in Scotland and the main supermarket chains.)

Oseania

Negara / region	De jure		Catatan
Negara / region	Usia peminum	Usia pembeli	Catatan
American Samoa	21^{[butuh rujukan]}
Australia	18		Bervariasi oleh negara bagian. Beberapa negara bagian membatasi kepemilikan dan konsumsi lebih dari 18, semua negara membatasi pembelian untuk lebih dari 18. Anak-anak dapat mengkonsumsi alkohol di kediaman pribadi dengan pengawasan orang tua.
Fiji	18	21	Usia minum adalah 21 pada 2006-2009 tapi diturunkan menjadi 18 pada tahun 2009.
Guam	21
Micronesia, Federated States of	21
New Zealand	18		Usia minimum berlaku untuk minuman dengan 1,15% ABV atau lebih, tidak ada pembatasan pada minuman kurang dari 1,15% ABV. Orang di bawah 18 mungkin tidak minum di luar rumah pribadi atau fungsi pribadi kecuali ditemani oleh orang tua atau wali hukum mereka. Alkohol mungkin diberikan kepada anak-anak hanya oleh dan dengan izin dari orang tua atau wali hukum mereka, tetapi tidak ada host dewasa fungsi swasta dapat menyediakan alkohol.
Northern Mariana Islands	21^{[butuh rujukan]}
Palau	21
Papua New Guinea	18
Samoa	18
Solomon Islands	21	None
Tonga	18	None
Tokelau	16^{[butuh rujukan]}
Vanuatu	18

Lihat pula

Amethyst Initiative
Alcohol consumption by youth in the United States
National Minimum Drinking Age Act
National Youth Rights Association
Shoulder tap (alcohol)
The Century Council
Choose Responsibility
Mature minor doctrine

Referensi

This article uses material from the Wikipedia Bahasa Indonesia article Usia legal minum minuman beralkohol, which is released under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 license ("CC BY-SA 3.0"); additional terms may apply (view authors). Konten tersedia di bawah CC BY-SA 4.0 kecuali dinyatakan lain. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
®Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wiki Foundation, Inc. Wiki Bahasa Indonesia (DUHOCTRUNGQUOC.VN) is an independent company and has no affiliation with Wiki Foundation.