Istana Damaskus: Bangunan istana di Suriah
Istana Damascus (Arab: قلعة دمشق, translit: Qalʿat Dimašqcode: ar is deprecated ) adalah sebuah istana abad pertengahan berbenteng besar di Damaskus, Suriah.
Ini merupakan bagian dari Kota Kuno Damaskus, yang masuk Situs Warisan Dunia UNESCO pada 1979.
| Istana Damaskus | |
|---|---|
| Damascus, Suriah | |
 Halaman dan tembok selatan Istana Damaskus | |
| Jenis | Castle |
| Koordinat | 33°30′42″N 36°18′07″E / 33.511667°N 36.301944°E |
| Dibangun | 1076–1078 dan 1203–1216 |
| Pembangun | Atsiz bin Uvak dan Al-Adil I |
| Bahan bangunan | Batu karbonat, basalt |
| Digunakan | Sampai 1986 |
| Kondisi saat ini | Sebagian runtuh |
| Pemilik saat ini | Direktorat-Jenderal Antikuitas dan Museum (DGAM) |
| Dibuka untuk umum | Ya |
| Pengawas | Atsiz bin Uvak (1076–1078) Dinasti Seljuk (1078–1104) Dinasti Burid (1104–1154) Dinasti Zengid (1154–1174) Dinasti Ayyubiyyah (1174–1260) Kesultanan Mamluk (1260–1516) Kekaisaran Ottoman (1516–1918) Suriah Mandat Prancis (1920–1946) Republik Suriah (1946–1958) Republik Arab Bersatu (1958-1961) Republik Arab Suriah (1958–) |
| Pertempuran/Perang | Pengepungan Damaskus (1148) Pengepungan oleh Kitbuqa (1260) Pengepungan oleh Timur (1401) |
Lokasi istana saat ininya pertama kali dibentengi pada 1076 oleh panglima perang Turkman Atsiz bin Uvak, meskipun diyakini sebuah istana telah berdiri di tempat tersebut pada zaman Helenistik dan Romawi.
Referensi
Daftar pustaka
- Adorni, Elisa; Venturelli, Giampiero (2010), "Mortars and Stones of the Damascus Citadel (Syria)", International Journal of Architectural Heritage, 4 (4): 337–350, doi:10.1080/15583050903121851
- Allen, Terry (1999), Ayyubid Architecture, Occidental: Solipsist Press, ISBN 0-944940-02-1
- Berthier, Sophie (2006), "La Citadelle de Damas: les apports d'une étude archéologique", dalam Kennedy, Hugh, Muslim Military Architecture in Greater Syria: From the Coming of Islam to the Ottoman Period, History of Warfare (dalam bahasa French), 35, Leiden: Brill, hlm. 151–164, ISBN 90-04-14713-6
- Burns, Ross (2005), Damascus: A History, Milton Park: Routledge, ISBN 0-415-27105-3
- Chevedden, Paul (1986), The Citadel of Damascus, Ann Arbor: U.M.I. Dissertation Information Service, OCLC 640193186
- Gabrieli, Francesco (1984), Arab Historians of the Crusades, Berkeley: University of California Press, ISBN 978-0-520-05224-6
- Hanisch, Hanspeter (1996), Die ayyūbidischen Toranlangen der Zitadelle von Damaskus. Ein Beitrag zur Kenntnis des mittelalterlichen Festungsbauwesen in Syrien (dalam bahasa German), Wiesbaden: Ludwig Reichert, ISBN 3-88226-886-7
- Hillenbrand, Carole (2000), The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives, New York: Routledge, ISBN 978-0-415-92914-1
- Hillenbrand, Carole (2001), "The Career of Zengi", dalam Phillips, Jonathan; Hoch, Martin, The Second Crusade: Scope and Consequences, Manchester: Manchester University Press, hlm. 111–132, ISBN 978-0-7190-5711-3
- Humphreys, R. Stephen (1977), From Saladin to the Mongols: The Ayyubids of Damascus, 1193–1260, Albany: SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-87395-263-7
- Kedourie, Elie (1964), "The Capture of Damascus, 1 October 1918", Middle Eastern Studies, 1 (1): 66–83, doi:10.1080/00263206408700005
- Lane-Poole, Stanley (1901), A History of Egypt in the Middle Ages, New York: Charles Scribner's, OCLC 455336208
- Lane-Poole, Stanley (1906), Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, London: G.P. Putnam's, OCLC 448994737
- Nicolle, David (2009), The Second Crusade 1148: Disaster Outside Damascus, Oxford: Osprey, ISBN 978-1-84603-354-4
- Phillips, Jonathan (2001), "The Latin East 1098–1291", dalam Riley-Smith, Jonathan, The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades, Oxford: Oxford University Press, hlm. 112–140, ISBN 978-0-19-285428-5
- Runciman, Steven (1987), A History of the Crusades: The Kingdom of Acre and the later Crusades, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-34772-3
- Wright, Quincy (1926), "The Bombardment of Damascus", American Journal of International Law, 20 (2): 263–280, doi:10.2307/2188917
Bacaan tambahan
- Bessac, Jean-Claude; Boqvist, Marianne (2005), "Les chantiers de construction de la citadelle de Damas: méthodologie et résultats préliminaires", Arquelogía de la Arquitectura (dalam bahasa French), 4: 237–249, ISSN 1989-5313, diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2011-07-20, diakses tanggal 2017-11-25
- Sauvaget, Jean (1930), "La citadelle de Damas", Syria (dalam bahasa French), 11 (1): 59–90, doi:10.3406/syria.1930.3486
Pranala luar
Wiki Commons memiliki media mengenai Citadel of Damascus.
- List of publications on the citadel[pranala nonaktif permanen] (in French)
- Additional pictures from the restoration project
Templat:Damaskus
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