Nepal Bhasa adalah satu-satunya bahasa Tibet-Burma yang ditulis dengan aksara Dewanagari.
Dialek dan pengaruh
Dalam Nepal Bhasa ada lima dialek utama: Yen-Yala, Khwapa, Pahari, Dolakha dan Chitlang. Selain kelima dialek ini, ada pula beberapa sub-dialek yang digunakan di lembah Kathmandu dan bagian-bagian lain dari Nepal. Sub-dialek ini digunakan di desa-desa sekitar Kathmandu, Patan, Bhaktapur, Chitlang dan Dolakha. Dialek yang digunakan di Bandipur adalah bentuk yang tertua dari Khwapa Bhaaye. Dialek yang digunakan di Chainpur, Bhojpur, Terathum, Palapa berhubungan dengan yang di Kathmandu dan Patan. Dialek yang digunakan di Ridi, Baglung, Arughat lebih dekat dengan Bhaktapur.
Beberapa ungkapan dan istilah yang umum
Bahasa Indonesia | Devanagari | Huruf Latin |
Hallo | ज्वजलपा | Jwajalapa |
Siapa nama Saudara? | छिगु नां छु खः ? | Chhigu naam chhu kha? |
Nama saya ___ | जिगु नां ___ खः | Jigu naam ___ kha |
Selamat Tahun Baru | न्हूदँया भितुना | Nhugu dan yaa bhintunaa |
Ibu | मां | Maa |
Ayah | अबु | Abu |
Nenek | अजी | Ajee |
Kakek | अजा | Ajaa |
Teman | पासा | Tempal |
Organisasi | गुठी | Guthi |
Rumah | छें | Chhen |
Manusia | मनु | Manu |
Obat | वास | Waasa |
Berita | बुखं | Bukhan |
Tarian | प्याखं | Pyakhan |
Panggung | दबली | Dabalee |
Istana | लायकू | Layaku |
akshara | आखर | Akhara |
Toko | पसल | Pasa/Pasal |
Halaman | चूक | Chooka |
Otak | न्ह्यपु | Nhepu |
Hati | नुगः | Nugah |
Air | लः / ना | Lah / Naa |
Referensi
Daftar pustaka
- Bendix, E. (1974) ‘Indo-Aryan and Tibeto-Burman contact as seen through Nepali and Newari verb tenses’, International Journal of Dravidian Linguistics 3.1: 42–59.
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- Driem, G. van (1993) ‘The Newar verb in Tibeto-Burman perspective’, Acta Linguistica Hafniensia 26: 23–43.
- Genetti, C. (1988) ‘A syntactic correlate of topicality in Newari narrative’, in S. Thompson and J. Haiman (eds) Clause Combining in Grammar and Discourse, Philadelphia: John Benjamins.
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- Hale, A. (1973) ‘On the form of the verbal basis in Newari’, in Braj Kachru et al. (eds) Issues in Linguistics: Papers in Honor of Henry and Renee Kahane, Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press.
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- Hale, A. and Mahandhar, T. (1980) ‘Case and role in Newari’, in R. Trail (ed.) Papers in Southeast Asian Linguistics 7 (Pacific Linguistics Series A, no. 53), Canberra: Australian National University.
- Hargreaves, D. (1986) ‘Independent verbs and auxiliary functions in Newari’ Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 12: 401–12.
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- Hargreaves, David (2014-11-13). "Review: Newār (Nepāl Bhāsā)". Himalayan Linguistics. 1 (2). doi:10.5070/h91224531 . ISSN 1544-7502.
- Jørgenson, H. (1931) ‘A dictionary of the Classical Newari’, Det. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Historisk-filologiske Meddelelser 23.1.
- —— (1941) ‘A grammar of the Classical Newari’, Det. Kgl. Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Historisk-filologiske Meddelelser 27.3.
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- Kansakar, T. R. (1982) ‘Morphophonemics of the Newari verb’, in T.R. Kansakar (ed.) Occasional Papers in Nepalese Linguistics 12–29. Linguistic Society of Nepal Publication No.1, Lalitpur, Nepal.
- —— (1997) ‘The Newar language: a profile’, New%h Vijñ%na: Journal of Newar Studies 1.1: 11–28.
- Kölver, U. (1976) ‘Satztypen und verbsubcategorisierung der Newari’, Structura 10, Munich: Fink Verlag.
- —— (1977) ‘Nominalization and lexicalization in Newari’, Arbeiten des Kölner Universalen-Projekts 30.
- Kölver, U. and Shresthacarya, I. (1994) A Dictionary of Contemporary Newari, Bonn: VGH Wissenschaftsverlag.
- Manandhar, T. (1986) Newari-English Dictionary, Delhi: Agam Kala Prakashan.
- Malla, K. P. (1982) Classical Newari Literature: A Sketch, Kathmandu: Educational Enterprise Pvt. Ltd.
- —— (1985) ‘The Newari language: a working outline’, Monumenta Serindica No. 14., Institute for the Study of Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa, Tokyo: Tokyo University of Foreign Studies.
- Shakya, D. R. (1992) ‘Nominal and verbal morphology in six dialects of Newari’, unpublished masters thesis, University of Oregon.
- Shrestha, Uma (1990) ‘Social networks and code-switching in the Newar community of Kathmandu City’, unpublished PhD dissertation, Ball State University.
- Shresthacharya, I. (1976) ‘Some types of reduplication in the Newari verb phrase’, Contributions to Nepalese Studies 3.1: 117–27.
- —— (1981) ‘Newari root verbs’, Bibliotheca Himalayica 2.1, Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar.
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