Avar Eurasia: Suku bangsa di Rusia

Mereka dipimpin oleh seorang khagan. Meskipun nama Avar pertama kali muncul pada pertengahan abad ke-15, Avar Eropa sudah memasuki sejarah Eropa apdta pertengahan abad ke-6, ketika mereka mendirikan pax yang terbentang di Eropa Tengah dan Timur.

• E. Breuer "Chronological Studies to Early-Medieval Findings at the Danube Region. An Introduction to Byzantine Art at Barbaric Cemeteries." (Tettnang 2005)
• László Makkai and András Mócsy, editors, 2001. History of Transylvania, II.4 "The period of Avar rule"
• Curta, Florin (2006). Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 500-1250. Cambridge Medieval Textbooks. ISBN 0-521-81539-8. 

• Fine, Jr, John V.A (1991). The early Medieval Balkans; A critical survery from the sixth to the late twelfth century. The University of Michigan Press. ISBN 0-472-08149-7. 

Bruno Genito, Madaras, Laszlo (eds.) (2005) "Archaeological Remains of a Steppe people in the Hungarian Great Plain: The Avarian Cemetery at Öcsöd 59. Final Reports. Naples". ISSN = 1824-6117