| Consonants | | IPA | Japanese example | English approximation | | b | basho | bog | | ç | hito | hero | | ɕ | shita, shugo | show | | d | dōmo | dome | | dz, z | zazen | zen, rods | | dʑ, ʑ | jibun, gojuu | gelatin, fusion | | ɸ | fugu | food
(lips don't touch teeth, more like blowing out a candle) | | ɡ | gakusei | gape | | h | hon | hone | | j | yakusha, kyū | yak | | k | kuru | skate | | m | mikan | much | | n | nattō | not | | ɴ | nihon | long | | ŋ | ringo | finger | | p | pan | span | | ɽ | roku | close to /t/ in auto in American English,
or between lock and Scottish rock ([l] and [ɾ]). | | s | suru | sue | | t | taberu | tan | | ts | tsunami | cats | | tɕ | chikai, kinchō | itch | | w͍ | wasabi | was | | ʔ | (in Ryukyu languages) | oh-oh! | | | Vowels | | IPA | Japanese example | English approximation | | a | aru | father | | e | eki | met | | i | iru | need | | i̥ | yoshi, shita | (almost silent) | | o | oniisan | cold | | u͍ | unagi | closest to boot | | u͍̥ | desu, sukiyaki | (almost silent) | | Suprasegmentals | | IPA | Japanese examples | English examples | | ː | long vowel:
ojiisan | re-equalize | double consonant:
seppuku | big gram (compare big ram) | | ꜜ | tone drops: kaꜜki (oyster), kakiꜜ (fence) | |
Notes
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