Calzone

It originated in Naples in the 18th century. A typical calzone is made from salted bread dough, baked in an oven and stuffed with salami, ham or vegetables, mozzarella, ricotta and Parmesan or pecorino cheese, as well as an egg. Different regional variations in or on a calzone can often include other ingredients that are normally associated with pizza toppings. The term usually applies to an oven-baked turnover rather than a fried pastry (i.e. panzerotti), though calzoni and panzerotti are often mistaken for each other.

Calzone

Simple calzone in an Italian pizzeria, cut in half
Type	Folded pizza, turnover
Place of origin	Italy
Region or state	Southern Italy
Main ingredients	Ricotta, mozzarella, salami/ham, Parmesan/pecorino
Variations	Tomato, provolone, anchovies, olives, onions, chard, minced meat, fish, cabbage
Media: Calzone

A stromboli, an Italian-American pizza turnover, is similar to a calzone, and the two are sometimes confused. Unlike strombolis, which are generally rolled or folded into a cylindrical or rectangular shape, calzoni are always folded into a crescent shape, and typically do not contain tomato sauce inside.

In Italy

Sandwich-sized calzoni are often sold at Italian lunch counters or by street vendors, because they are easy to eat while standing or walking. Fried versions of the calzone are typically filled with tomato and mozzarella; these are made in Apulia and are called "panzerotti".

In Basilicata, a variety of calzone is known as pastizz, which originated between the 18th and 19th century. Pork (or, more rarely, goat meat), eggs and cheese are main ingredients for the filling.

The Sicilian cuddiruni or cudduruni pizza is distantly related to the calzone. This is a dish stuffed with onions (or sometimes other vegetables, such as potatoes or broccoli), anchovies, olives, cheese and mortadella; the rolled pizza dough is folded in two over the stuffing and the edges are sealed before the dish is fried.

In the United States

In the United States, especially in New York City, calzoni are typically made from pizza dough and stuffed with meats, cheeses, and vegetables.

Traditional calzone dough, consisting of flour, yeast, olive oil, water, and salt, is kneaded and rolled into medium-sized disks. Each is then filled with cheeses such as ricotta, mozzarella, Parmesan, provolone and other traditional vegetables or meats. The dough is then folded in half over the filling and sealed with an egg mixture in a half-moon shape, or is sometimes shaped into a ball by pinching and sealing all the edges at the top. It is then either baked or fried.

In some areas, just before serving, they are topped with marinara or another traditional sauce, or with a mixture of garlic, olive oil, and parsley.

  The dictionary definition of calzone at Wiktionary

• Panzerotto
• Scacciata
• U' pastizz 'rtunnar