鼓

Stroke order

Han character edit

See images of
Radical 207 鼓

鼓 (Kangxi radical 207, 鼓+0, 13 strokes, cangjie input 土廿十水 (GTJE), four-corner 4414₇, composition ⿰壴支)

1. Kangxi radical #207, ⿎.

Derived characters edit

• Appendix:Chinese radical/鼓
• 𠿤, 𫱺, 臌, 𭿢, 𨭸(𫔐), 𮨲, 𡽌, 瞽, 𦗺, 𨆊, 𮝪, 䥢, 𮩑, 𪇀, 𡽂, 薣, 𩰛

References edit

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1526, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48330
• Dae Jaweon: page 2061, character 15
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4763, character 1
• Unihan data for U+9F13

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 鼓
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 壴 (“drum”) + 支 (“hand holding drumstick”).

Etymology edit

Area word; compare Proto-Tai *klɔŋᴬ (“drum”), Saek [script needed] (tlɔɔŋᴬ¹), Proto-Hlai *laŋ¹ (“drum”), Proto-Wa (*kloʔ, "bronze-drum") (Schuessler, 2007).

瞽 (OC *kʷaːʔ, “blind man; musician”) is a derivative.

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

鼓

1. (music) drum (Classifier: 面 m)

   鼓手  ―  gǔshǒu  ―  drummer

2. to drum; to beat a drum

   • 公將鼓之。劌曰：未可。齊人三鼓。劌曰：可矣。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     公将鼓之。刿曰：未可。齐人三鼓。刿曰：可矣。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE

     Gōng jiāng gǔ zhī. Guì yuē: wèikě. Qí rén sān gǔ. Guì yuē: kě yǐ. [Pinyin]

     When the Duke was about to sound the drum for the attack, Tsao said, "Not yet." When the men of Qi had drummed thrice, Tsao said, "Now we can drum."

   • 於是鼓之右，婦人大笑。孫子曰：「約束不明，申令不熟，將之罪也。」復三令五申而鼓之左，婦人復大笑。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     于是鼓之右，妇人大笑。孙子曰：「约束不明，申令不熟，将之罪也。」复三令五申而鼓之左，妇人复大笑。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Yúshì gǔ zhī yòu, fùrén dàxiào. Sūnzǐ yuē: “Yuēshù bùmíng, shēnlìng bù shú, jiāng zhī zuì yě.” Fù sānlìngwǔshēn ér gǔ zhī zuǒ, fùrén fù dàxiào. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

3. (literary) to play; to perform; to sound (a musical instrument)

   • 鼓鐘欽欽，鼓瑟鼓琴。笙磬同音。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     鼓钟钦钦，鼓瑟鼓琴。笙磬同音。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Gǔ zhōng qīn qīn, gǔ sè gǔ qín. Shēng qìng tóngyīn. [Pinyin]

     His bells ring out k'in k'in;
     His lutes, large and small, give their notes;
     The tones of his organs and sounding stones are in unison.

4. to beat; to clap

   鼓掌  ―  gǔzhǎng  ―  to clap hands

   • 呂望之鼓刀兮，遭周文而得舉。甯戚之謳歌兮，齊桓聞以該輔。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     吕望之鼓刀兮，遭周文而得举。甯戚之讴歌兮，齐桓闻以该辅。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Verses of Chu, 4^th century BCE – 2^nd century CE

     Lǚ wàng zhī gǔ dāo xī, zāo Zhōu wén ér dé jǔ. Níng qī zhī ōu gē xī, Qí Huán wén yǐ gāi fǔ. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

5. ^† to blast hot air for smelting

   • 偃矯制，使膠東、魯國鼓鑄鹽鐵。還，奏事，徙為太常丞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     偃矫制，使胶东、鲁国鼓铸盐铁。还，奏事，徙为太常丞。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Book of Han, circa 1^st century CE

     Yǎn jiǎozhì, shǐ Jiāodōng, Lǔguó gǔ zhù yán tiě. Hái, zòu shì, xǐ wèi tàicháng chéng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

6. to incite; to encourage

   鼓勵／鼓励  ―  gǔlì  ―  to encourage

7. to protrude; to bulge
8. a surname

Synonyms edit

• (drum): (Hakka) 鼓仔
• (to protrude):

Hypernyms edit

• (drum): 打擊樂器／打击乐器 (dǎjī yuèqì)

Descendants edit

(Others):

• Wutunhua: guu

Compounds edit

References edit

• “鼓”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[2], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Kanji edit

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. drum

Readings edit

• Go-on: く (ku)
• Kan-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
• Kun: つづみ (tsuzumi, 鼓, Jōyō)^{←つづみ (tudumi, つづみ, historical)}

Compounds edit

Etymology 1 edit

Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:

鼓

Wikipedia ^ja

/tudumi₁/ → /tudumi/ → /t͡sud͡zumi/ → /t͡suzumi/

From Old Japanese. First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE.^[1] From Proto-Japonic *tuntumi. Related to Okinawan 鼓 (chijin).

Alternative forms edit

• 皷

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) つづみ​ [tsùzúmíꜜ] (Odaka – [3])^[2][3]
• (Tokyo) つづみ [tsùzúmí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
• IPA^(key): [t͡sɨᵝzɨᵝmʲi]

Noun edit

鼓(つづみ) • (tsuzumi) 

1. generic name for musical instruments with a leather head that can be struck.
2. a tsuzumi, hand drum with leather heads at both ends, used in Japanese traditional performing arts:
   1. a 小鼓 (kotsuzumi)
   2. an 大鼓 (ōtsuzumi)
3. a style of 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”), like the leather head of a tsuzumi

Proper noun edit

鼓(つずみ) • (Tsuzumi) 

1. a surname

鼓(つづみ) • (Tsuzumi) 

1. a female given name
2. a surname

Etymology 2 edit

Various nanori readings.

Proper noun edit

鼓(つつみ) • (Tsutsumi) 

1. a surname

鼓(ひびき) • (Hibiki) 

1. a female given name

   from 響き (hibiki, “echo”)

References edit

Etymology edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation edit

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ko̞]
• Phonetic hangul: [고]

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

鼓

Wikisource

鼓 (eumhun 북 고 (buk go))

1. Hanja form^? of 고 (“drum”).

Han character edit

鼓: Hán Nôm readings: cổ

1. chữ Hán form of cổ (“drum”).

Compounds edit