麗

Translingual edit

Han character edit

麗 (Kangxi radical 198, 鹿+8, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一一月月心 (MMBBP), four-corner 1121₁, composition ⿱丽鹿)

Derived characters edit

儷, 囇, 㿛, 孋, 矖, 䚕, 𧢮, 𦘐, 彲, 囇, 𠮔, 𣀷, 攦, 躧, 𢥬, 𫇃, 𧥖, 𣰿, 曬, 𨰣, 𤫟, 灑, 欐, 𬅛, 䕻, 穲, 籭, 纚, 𮉟, 𡔉, 𪩠, 襹, 𩎉, 釃, 酈, 𨟫, 𮠑, 廲, 𢌒, 𥜰, 邐, 𨏽, 𠠫, 𦌿, 驪, 𮪜, 𧕯, 鱺, 鸝, 𪈳

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1510, character 31
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 47663
Dae Jaweon: page 2039, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4732, character 4
Unihan data for U+9E97

Unihan data for U+F988

Chinese edit

trad.		麗
simp.		丽^*
alternative forms		䴡𠀙 ancient 𠀞 ancient 𠧥𮭶䴡𠀙 ancient 𠀞 ancient 𠧥𮭶𮭷𮭹丽 ancient

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 麗
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (丽) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
灑	sreːlʔ, sreːlʔ, srelʔ, srels
籭	sreːl, srel
躧	sreːlʔ, srelʔ
曬	sreːls, srels
廲	*reːl
驪	reːl, rel
鱺	*reːlʔ
欐	reːlʔ, reːls, *srel
丽	*reːls
麗	reːls, rel
儷	*reːls
鸝	*rel
酈	rel, reːɡ
孋	*rel
矖	rel, srelʔ
穲	*rel
邐	*relʔ
彲	*r̥ʰel
釃	srel, srelʔ, *sra
襹	srel, srels
纚	*srelʔ

Pictogram (象形) – a deer with antlers.

Etymology edit

Schuessler (2007) minimally reconstructed this word's OC pronunciation as *rêh and considered it a possible allofam of 麗 (OC *rê(k)h) "number" < "what is calculated", exopassive derivative of 歷 (OC *rêk) "to calculate".

麗 underwent this historical semantic shift: from "a pair" (Zhouli), to "mate, companion" (儷) (Zuo), to "paired", to "well-proportioned" (Liji), and finally to "elegant, beautiful" (Chuci) as well as "refinement" (Shu).

Pronunciation 1 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lì (li⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): li
(Meixian, Guangdong): li⁴
Eastern Min (BUC): lâ̤
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lē
(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶li

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lì
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lì
  - Wade–Giles: li⁴
  - Yale: lì
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lih
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁶
  - Yale: laih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: li
  - Hakka Romanization System: li
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: li⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /li⁵³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: lâ̤
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃ɑ²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lē
  - Tâi-lô: lē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: le
  - IPA (Xiamen): /le²²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /le⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /le²²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /le³³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le³³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lĭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ⁶li
  - MiniDict: li^去
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³li
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /li²³/

Middle Chinese: lejH

Rime
Character	麗
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	齊 (39)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	IV
Fanqie	郎計切
Baxter	lejH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lei^H/
Pan Wuyun	/lei^H/
Shao Rongfen	/lɛi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lɛj^H/
Li Rong	/lei^H/
Wang Li	/liei^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/liei^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lai⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]ˤe-s/
(Zhengzhang): /*reːls/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	麗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	lì
Middle Chinese	‹ lej^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[r]ˁe-s/
English	symmetrical
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	麗
Reading #	1/2
No.	7914
Phonetic component	丽
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	麗
Old Chinese	/*reːls/

Definitions edit

麗

beautiful; lovely; pretty; fair; elegant
to adhere; to attach to
alt. forms: 離／离
Alternative form of 儷／俪 (lì, “in pair”)

Synonyms edit

美好 (měihǎo)
華美／华美 (huáměi)
漂亮 (piàoliang)

Compounds edit

丰姿冶麗
亮麗／亮丽 (liànglì)
佳麗／佳丽 (jiālì)
俏麗／俏丽 (qiàolì)
保麗龍／保丽龙 (bǎolìlóng)
保麗龍板／保丽龙板
側麗／侧丽
偉麗／伟丽
光麗／光丽
典麗矞皇／典丽矞皇
和風麗日／和风丽日
嘉麗妹妹／嘉丽妹妹
嚴麗／严丽
堂皇富麗／堂皇富丽
壯麗／壮丽 (zhuànglì)
大麗花／大丽花 (dàlìhuā)
天生麗質／天生丽质 (tiānshēnglìzhì)
夸麗
奇麗／奇丽 (qílì)
姝麗／姝丽
姣麗／姣丽
妍麗／妍丽
娟麗／娟丽
婉麗／婉丽
孟麗君／孟丽君
宏麗／宏丽
富麗／富丽 (fùlì)
富麗堂皇／富丽堂皇 (fùlì tánghuáng)
寶麗來／宝丽来 (bǎolìlái)
峭麗／峭丽
明麗／明丽 (mínglì)
昳麗／昳丽 (yìlì)
曼麗／曼丽
月麗於箕／月丽于箕
梁麗
棽麗／棽丽 (shēnlì)
沉博絕麗／沉博绝丽
流麗／流丽 (liúlì)
清詞麗句／清词丽句
清麗／清丽
清麗俊逸／清丽俊逸
珠輝玉麗／珠辉玉丽
琱麗／雕丽
瑰麗／瑰丽 (guīlì)
秀麗／秀丽 (xiùlì)
端麗／端丽 (duānlì)
純麗／纯丽
絢麗／绚丽 (xuànlì)
絢麗多姿／绚丽多姿
綺麗／绮丽 (qǐlì)
繁麗／繁丽
纖麗／纤丽
美麗／美丽 (měilì)
美麗奴羊／美丽奴羊
茱麗葉／茱丽叶
華麗／华丽 (huálì)
蒙娜麗莎／蒙娜丽莎 (Méngnà Lìshā)
藻麗／藻丽
詭麗輻輳／诡丽辐辏
豔麗／艳丽 (yànlì)
豔麗奪目／艳丽夺目
跌宕遒麗／跌宕遒丽
附麗／附丽 (fùlì)
雄偉壯麗／雄伟壮丽
靡麗／靡丽 (mǐlì)
風和日麗／风和日丽 (fēnghérìlì)
風暖日麗／风暖日丽
鬥麗／斗丽
魚麗／鱼丽
鮮麗／鲜丽 (xiānlì)
麗人／丽人 (lìrén)
麗人行／丽人行
麗則／丽则
麗園／丽园 (Lìyuán)
麗天／丽天
麗山／丽山
麗影／丽影
麗日／丽日 (lìrì)
麗春園／丽春园
麗春花／丽春花
麗月／丽月 (Lìyuè)
麗林／丽林 (Lìlín)
麗格海棠／丽格海棠
麗水／丽水
麗江／丽江 (Lìjiāng)
麗澤／丽泽 (lìzé)
麗矚／丽瞩 (lìzhǔ)
麗絨／丽绒
麗萍／丽萍
麗藻／丽藻 (lìzǎo)
麗質／丽质 (lìzhì)
麗質天生／丽质天生
麗辭／丽辞 (lìcí)
麗都／丽都 (lìdū)
麗靡／丽靡
麗風／丽风 (lìfēng)

Pronunciation 2 edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): lí (li²)
(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lai⁶, lei⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lì
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): lê
(Teochew, Peng'im): li⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: lí
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lí
  - Wade–Giles: li²
  - Yale: lí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: li
  - Palladius: ли (li)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: lai⁶, lei⁴
  - Yale: laih, lèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lai⁶, lei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: lei⁶, léi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐi̯²²/, /lei̯²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lì
  - Hakka Romanization System: liˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: li²
  - Sinological IPA: /li¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
  - Tâi-lô: lê
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lee
  - IPA (Xiamen): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /le¹³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /le²⁴/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: li⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: lje

Rime
Character	麗
Reading #	1/2
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	支 (11)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	呂支切
Baxter	lje
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/liᴇ/
Pan Wuyun	/liɛ/
Shao Rongfen	/ljɛ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/liə̆/
Li Rong	/lie/
Wang Li	/lǐe/
Bernard Karlgren	/lie̯/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	lí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lei⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*rel/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	麗
Reading #	2/2
No.	7917
Phonetic component	丽
Rime group	歌
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	離
Old Chinese	/*rel/

Definitions edit

麗

Only used in 高麗／高丽 (Gāolí, “Goryeo”) and 高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí, “Goguryeo”).
1. (Korean Classical Chinese) Short for 高麗／高丽 (“Goryeo”).
  麗祖 [Korean Literary Sinitic] ― 여조 Yeojo [Sino-Korean] ― King Taejo of Goryeo
  麗末 [Korean Literary Sinitic] ― 여말 Yeomal [Sino-Korean] ― end of the Goryeo period
  麗史 [Korean Literary Sinitic] ― 여사 Yeosa [Sino-Korean] ― history of the Goryeo
  麗制 [Korean Literary Sinitic] ― 여제 Yeoje [Sino-Korean] ― policies of the Goryeo
Only used in 麗水／丽水 (Líshuǐ, “Lishui”).

Compounds edit

高句麗／高句丽 (Gāogōulí)
高麗／高丽
高麗參／高丽参 (gāolíshēn)
高麗本／高丽本
高麗紙／高丽纸
高麗菜／高丽菜 (gāolícài)

Japanese edit

Shinjitai	麗
Kyūjitai ^[1]	麗 `麗` or 麗+`︀`^?
	麗󠄁 麗+`󠄁`^? (Adobe-Japan1)
	麗󠄃 麗+`󠄃`^? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details.

Kanji edit

麗

(common “Jōyō” kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 麗)

Readings edit

From Middle Chinese 麗 (MC lejH):

Go-on: らい (rai)
Kan-on: れい (rei, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 麗 (MC lje):

Go-on: り (ri)
Kan-on: り (ri)

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: うるわしい (uruwashii, 麗しい, Jōyō); うらら (urara, 麗ら); うららか (uraraka, 麗らか); かかる (kakaru, 麗かる); つく (tsuku, 麗く); つける (tsukeru, 麗ける); つらなる (tsuranaru, 麗なる); ならぶ (narabu, 麗ぶ)
Nanori: あきら (akira); かず (kazu); つぐ (tsugu); つら (tsura); よし (yoshi); より (yori)

Compounds edit

綺(き)麗(れい) (kirei): beauty
口(くち)奇(ぎ)麗(れい) (kuchigirei): speaking elegantly, speaking clearly, speaking innocently

Proper noun edit

麗(れい) • (Rei)

a female given name

References edit

^ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2423 (paper), page 1263 (digital)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

麗 (eumhun 고울 려 (goul ryeo), South Korea 고울 여 (goul yeo))

Hanja form^? of 려/여 (“beautiful; lovely; pretty; fair; elegant”).

Compounds edit

고려 (高麗, Goryeo, “Goryeo”)
고구려 (高句麗, Goguryeo, “Goguryeo”)
화려 (華麗, hwaryeo, “gorgeous; splendid; resplendent”)
여수 (麗水, Yeosu, “Yeosu”)

Vietnamese edit

Alternative forms edit

䴡 (lệ)^[1]
𪋘 (lệ)^[2]

Han character edit

麗: Hán Việt readings: lệ (郎(lang)計(kế)切(thiết))^[3]^[4]^[5], li (鄰(lân)知(tri)切(thiết))^[4]
麗: Nôm readings: rạy^[6]^[4], li^[4]

chữ Hán form of Lệ (“female given name”).
chữ Hán form of li / ly.
Nôm form of rạy.

Compounds edit

Compounds

高麗 (Cao Li)
高句麗 (Cao Câu Li)

References edit

[1] Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 2423 (paper), page 1263 (digital)

[tdcntd-2] Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[taberd-3] Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[gdhn-4] Trần (2004).

[bonet-5] 4.0 ^4.1 ^4.2 ^4.3 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-6] Génibrel (1898).

[btcn-7] Hồ (1976).

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