譀

Translingual edit

Han character edit

譀 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一十大 (YRMJK), four-corner 0864₀, composition ⿰訁敢)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1179, character 19
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35926
Dae Jaweon: page 1643, character 20
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4016, character 4
Unihan data for U+8B40

Chinese edit

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撖	kʰɯːm, kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉	l̥ʰaːms, klaːmʔ
噉	*l'aːmʔ
敢	*klaːmʔ
橄	*klaːmʔ
瞰	*kʰlaːms
闞	kʰlaːms, qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨	qʰaːm, qʰlaːms
譀	qʰlaːms, qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖	*ŋraːm
礹	ŋraːm, ŋamʔ
豃	*qʰraːmʔ
讝	*kjam
玁	*hŋramʔ
嚴	*ŋam
儼	*ŋamʔ
曮	*ŋamʔ
釅	*ŋams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *qʰlaːms, *qʰraːms, *qʰraːb) : semantic 言 (“words; speech”) + phonetic 敢 (OC *klaːmʔ).

Etymology 1 edit

trad.		譀
simp.		𰶆
2nd round simp.		⿰讠攼
alternative forms		𧫫𧧴

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): hàn (han⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ham³, ham⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hàm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
  - Wade–Giles: han⁴
  - Yale: hàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
  - Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /xän⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ham³, ham⁶
  - Yale: ham, hahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ham³, ham⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: hem³, hem⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɐm³³/, /hɐm²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàm
  - Tâi-lô: hàm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: haxm
  - IPA (Xiamen): /ham²¹/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /ham⁴¹/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /ham²¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /ham¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ham²¹/

Middle Chinese: hamH, xaep

Rime
Character	譀	譀
Reading #	1/3	3/3
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	談 (143)	狎 (150)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	II
Fanqie	下瞰切	呼甲切
Baxter	hamH	xaep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦɑm^H/	/hˠap̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦɑm^H/	/hᵚap̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɑm^H/	/xap̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦam^H/	/haɨp̚/
Li Rong	/ɣɑm^H/	/xap̚/
Wang Li	/ɣɑm^H/	/xap̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɣɑm^H/	/xap̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	hàn	xia
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ham⁶	haap³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰlaːms/, /*qʰraːb/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	譀	譀
Reading #	1/3	3/3
No.	3681	3697
Phonetic component	敢	敢
Rime group	談	盍
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	憨	呷
Old Chinese	/*qʰlaːms/	/*qʰraːb/

Wenzhou: IPA^(key): /ha²¹³/

Definitions edit

譀

^† to talk big; to boast
^† to make fun of; to tease
^† to howl; to bellow; to snarl
(Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien) exaggerated; pretentious
(Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to magnify; to enlarge
(Taiwanese Hokkien) illusory; imaginary
(Wenzhounese) to tell a lie; to lie

Synonyms edit

(to magnify): 放大 (fàngdà), 放大 (fàngdà); (Hokkien, Teochew) 放 (fàng)

Dialectal synonyms of 說謊 (“to tell a lie”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		誑言, 誑語, 佯言
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		說謊, 扯謊, 誑言
Mandarin	Beijing	說謊, 撂皮
	Taiwan	說謊, 撒謊
	Harbin	撒謊
	Yantai (Muping)	撒謊
	Luoyang	說謊
	Wanrong	說謊
	Yinchuan	扯謊撂屁
	Lanzhou	喧謊
	Jimsar	說白話
	Wuhan	掣謊, 掉謊
	Chengdu	扯白, 扯謊捏白, 扯把子, 駕雲, 日白, 捏白, 日白捏謊
	Kunming	扯白撂野
	Guilin	扯謊
	Guanyang	扯大炮
	Lipu	擺溜子
	Nanjing	謅謊
	Singapore	講騙話
Cantonese	Guangzhou	講大話
	Hong Kong	講大話
	Taishan	講大話
	Dongguan	放葫蘆, 講大話
	Beihai	車大炮
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)	講大話, 車大炮
	Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)	車大炮, 騙人
	Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)	講大話, 車大炮
	Singapore (Guangfu)	講大話
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	講大話
	Móng Cái	講大話, 車大炮
Gan	Nanchang	打白話
Hakka	Meixian	花舌, 講大話, 打白話, 扯謊, 屙痢肚, 屙痢洩肚, 屙膿刮痢
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	講花蓼
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	講花蓼
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	講花蓼, 講花舌
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	講花舌
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	講花蓼
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	講花舌
Northern Min	Jian'ou	話假事
	Songxi	獵謊
	Zhenghe	假講
	Jianyang	話假事
	Wuyishan	話假事
	Pucheng (Shibei)	話假事
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	野講
Southern Min	Xiamen	白賊, 講白賊, 花喙
	Quanzhou	白賊, 花婆喙
	Zhangzhou	白賊, 講白賊, 亂嘫, 哺下頷, 落下頷
	Pinghe	講白賊, 講無影話
	Zhao'an	講無影話
	Dongshan	反輪
	Taipei	白賊
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	白賊
	Kaohsiung	白賊, 講白賊
	Yilan	白賊, 嘐潲話 vulgar
	Changhua (Lukang)	白賊
	Taichung	講白賊, 嘐潲 vulgar
	Taichung (Wuqi)	講嘐潲 vulgar
	Tainan	白賊, 講白賊
	Taitung	講白賊
	Hsinchu	白賊, 講嘐潲 vulgar
	Kinmen	白賊, 嘐六
	Penghu (Magong)	白賊, 講白賊
	Penang (Hokkien)	講騙話
	Singapore (Hokkien)	講騙話, 白賊
	Manila (Hokkien)	講白賊
	Shantou	呾大話, 呾無影跡話, 花喙
	Jieyang	花嬲
Central Min	Yong'an	說謊
Zhongshan Min	Shaxi (Longdu)	講大話
Wu	Hangzhou	騙造話
Wu	Wenzhou	譀, 講譀話, 譀裡譀搭
Xiang	Changsha	捏白, 辵白, 扯白, 扯謊

Compounds edit

譀古／𰶆古 (hàm-kó͘) (Min Nan)
譀話／𰶆话

References edit

温州话正字 (Wenzhounese proper orthography), Zhihu, 29 August 2019.

Etymology 2 edit

trad.		譀
simp.		𰶆
2nd round simp.		⿰讠攼

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiàn (xian⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiàn
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siàn
  - Wade–Giles: hsien⁴
  - Yale: syàn
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiann
  - Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: xaemH

Rime
Character	譀
Reading #	2/3
Initial (聲)	曉 (32)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	許鑑切
Baxter	xaemH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/hˠam^H/
Pan Wuyun	/hᵚam^H/
Shao Rongfen	/xam^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/haɨm^H/
Li Rong	/xam^H/
Wang Li	/xam^H/
Bernard Karlgren	/xam^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xiàn
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haam³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːms/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	譀
Reading #	2/3
No.	3687
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	㒈
Old Chinese	/*qʰraːms/

Definitions edit

譀

Only used in 譀䜕／𰶆䜕.