巖

Translingual edit

Japanese	巌/岩
Simplified	岩
Traditional	巖/岩

Han character edit

巖 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+20, 23 strokes, cangjie input 山口口大 (URRK), four-corner 2224₈, composition ⿱山嚴)

cliff, precipice
cave, grotto

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 323, character 7
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8649
Dae Jaweon: page 623, character 15
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 808, character 7
Unihan data for U+5DD6

Chinese edit

trad.		巖/岩^*
simp.		岩^*
nonstandard simp.		𰎠
alternative forms		巗／岩巌礹／𰦾

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (敢) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
撖	kʰɯːm, kʰreːmʔ, *ɡraːmʔ
澉	l̥ʰaːms, klaːmʔ
噉	*l'aːmʔ
敢	*klaːmʔ
橄	*klaːmʔ
瞰	*kʰlaːms
闞	kʰlaːms, qʰreːmʔ, *hŋraːms
憨	qʰaːm, qʰlaːms
譀	qʰlaːms, qʰraːms, *qʰraːb
巖	*ŋraːm
礹	ŋraːm, ŋamʔ
豃	*qʰraːmʔ
讝	*kjam
玁	*hŋramʔ
嚴	*ŋam
儼	*ŋamʔ
曮	*ŋamʔ
釅	*ŋams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋraːm) : semantic 山 (“mountain”) + phonetic 嚴 (OC *ŋam).

Etymology 1 edit

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yán (yan²)
(Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaam⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yán
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yán
  - Wade–Giles: yen²
  - Yale: yán
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yan
  - Palladius: янь (janʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɛn³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ngaam⁴
  - Yale: ngàahm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ngaam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: ngam⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋaːm²¹/

Middle Chinese: ngaem

Rime
Character	巖
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	銜 (149)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	五銜切
Baxter	ngaem
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋˠam/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋᵚam/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋam/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋaɨm/
Li Rong	/ŋam/
Wang Li	/ŋam/
Bernard Karlgren	/ŋam/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yán
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngaam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ˤr[a]m/
(Zhengzhang): /*ŋraːm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	巖
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yán
Middle Chinese	‹ ngæm ›
Old Chinese	/*[ŋ]ˁr[a]m/ (< uvular?)
English	rocky, lofty
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	巖
Reading #	1/1
No.	3684
Phonetic component	敢
Rime group	談
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	巖
Old Chinese	/*ŋraːm/

Definitions edit

巖

(of a military position) dangerous and important
制，巖邑也，虢叔死焉。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
制，岩邑也，虢叔死焉。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
Zhì, yán yì yě, Guó Shū sǐ yān. [Pinyin]
The Zhi area is a dangerous and important place, Guo Shu died there.

Etymology 2 edit

For pronunciation and definitions of 巖 – see 岩 (“cliff; rock; stone; -ite; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 岩).

Compounds edit

傅巖／傅岩
千巖萬壑／千岩万壑
千巖萬谷／千岩万谷
千巖競秀／千岩竞秀
峰巖／峰岩
嵌巖／嵌岩
巉巖／巉岩 (chányán)
巖居穴處／岩居穴处
巖居谷飲／岩居谷饮
巖巉／岩巉 (yánchán)
巖巖／岩岩 (yányán)
巖徼／岩徼
巖牆之下／岩墙之下
巖石／岩石 (yánshí)
巖穴／岩穴 (yánxué)
巖穴之士／岩穴之士
巖邑／岩邑 (yányì)
巖郎／岩郎
巖阻／岩阻
巖陛／岩陛
幽巖／幽岩
幽棲巖谷／幽栖岩谷
瘦巖巖／瘦岩岩
絕巖／绝岩
重巖疊嶂／重岩叠嶂
靈巖／灵岩

References edit

“巖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Shinjitai	巌
Kyūjitai	巖

Kanji edit

巖

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 巌)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings edit

On (unclassified): がん (gan); げん (gen)
Kun: けわしい (kewashii, 巖しい); いわお (iwao, 巖); いわ (iwa, 巖)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

巖 • (am, eom) (hangeul 암, 엄, revised am, eom, McCune–Reischauer am, ŏm)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

巖: Hán Nôm readings: nham

same as nham 碞

Readings edit

Nôm: nham

References edit

Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999