烏

Han character edit

烏 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹口卜火 (HRYF), four-corner 2732₇, composition ⿱丿⿹⿺㇉⿱コ一灬)

Derived characters edit

• 𠌥(𠆿), 𭂛, 𠭬, 嗚(呜), 塢(坞), 𡠄, 嵨, 𢄓, 𢞬, 摀, 溩, 隖(𬮻), 㮧, 熓(𤆡), 瑦, 䃖, 𥻼, 螐, 𧪛, 䡧, 鎢(钨), 𨻑, 𪦭, 䖚, 𩈺, 𩌗, 𩝷, 鰞, 𪄝, 𠥹, 𪏝
• 𣯑, 𧽋, 𠞆(𠛆), 鄔(邬), 歍, 𣦑, 𫸼, 𬚭, 𫕜, 𤑎, 𫖤, 𦶀, 𩮮, 𤸼, 𨶇, 𡈎

Related characters edit

• 乌 (Simplified Chinese)

References edit

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 670, character 1
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 18998
• Dae Jaweon: page 1079, character 2
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2202, character 3
• Unihan data for U+70CF

Glyph origin edit

Historical forms of the character 烏
Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Pictogram (象形) – a bird. Compare 鳥 (“bird”), of similar development.

Etymology edit

“crow; black; dark”

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *ka-n (“crow”) (STEDT). Doublet of 鴉 (OC *qraː, “crow; raven”), which retains the earlier vowel in Middle Chinese (*ʔˠa), and 鸒 (OC *la, *las, “jackdaw”).

Schuessler (2007) considers it to be onomatopoeic, and compares it with Proto-Loloish *akᴸ (“crow”).

“Black; dark” is a semantic extension of “crow” – “black as a crow”. Compare 黑 (OC *hmlɯːɡ, “black”), which is cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).

“sun”

The Three-legged crow was thought to reside in the Sun.

interrogative pronoun

Related to the following interrogative pronouns with similar phonological shapes in Old Chinese (Wang, 1982), with differing suffixes:

• 焉 (OC *qan, *qran, “how; where”)
• 惡 (OC *qaː, “how”)
• 安 (OC *qaːn, “where; how; why”)

Pronunciation edit

Definitions edit

烏

1. crow; raven; rook

   • 莫赤匪狐、莫黑匪烏。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
     莫赤匪狐、莫黑匪乌。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version

     Mò chì fěi hú, mò hēi fěi wū. [Pinyin]

     Nothing red is seen but foxes, nothing black but crows.

2. (obsolete, metonymically) sun

   兔走烏飛／兔走乌飞  ―  tùzǒuwūfēi  ―  time passes quickly (literally, “the rabbit [of the moon] runs and the crow [of the sun] flies”)

3. (literary or in compounds or Hakka, Min) black; dark

   烏雲／乌云  ―  wūyún  ―  dark cloud

   烏油油／乌油油  ―  wūyóuyóu  ―  glossy black

   嘴唇發烏／嘴唇发乌  ―  zuǐchún fā wū  ―  one's lips turn black

   • 匈奴騎，其西方盡白馬，東方盡青駹馬，北方盡烏驪馬，南方盡騂馬。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     匈奴骑，其西方尽白马，东方尽青𮪡马，北方尽乌骊马，南方尽骍马。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE

     Xiōngnú qí, qí xīfāng jìn báimǎ, dōngfāng jìn qīng máng mǎ, běifāng jìn wū lí mǎ, nánfāng jìn xīng mǎ. [Pinyin]

     The mounted troops of the Xiongnu on the west all had white horses; on the east, all blue-green horses; on the north, all black horses; on the south, all red horses.

   • 天烏烏，欲落雨。 [Hokkien, trad.]
     天乌乌，欲落雨。 [Hokkien, simp.]

     From: 天烏烏 (A Hokkien nursery rhyme)

     Thiⁿ o͘-o͘, beh lo̍h-hō͘. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]

     The sky is dark; it seems like it will rain.

4. (literary) to dye black
5. (literary) An interrogative pronoun with a variety of meanings, including "how", "why", "where", etc.
6. Short for 烏克蘭／乌克兰 (Wūkèlán, “Ukraine”).

   俄烏戰爭／俄乌战争  ―  É Wū zhànzhēng  ―  Russia-Ukraine War

7. a surname

Synonyms edit

See also edit

• 惡／恶 (è)

Compounds edit

References edit

• “烏”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02407

Kanji edit

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Readings edit

• Go-on: う (u)
• Kan-on: お (o)^{←を (wo, historical)}
• Kan’yō-on: え (e)
• Kun: からす (karasu, 烏); いずくんぞ (izukunzo, 烏んぞ)^{←いづくんぞ (idukunzo, 烏んぞ, historical)}; なんぞ (nanzo, 烏ぞ)

Compounds edit

• 烏賊(いか) (ika): squid, cuttlefish
• 烏帽子(えぼし) (eboshi)
• 烏秋(オウチュウ) (ōchū)

Etymology 1 edit

Derived terms edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle Chinese 烏 (MC 'u).

The goon pronunciation, so likely the initial borrowing.

Pronunciation edit

• IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ᵝ]

Affix edit

烏(う) • (u) 

1. crow; raven
2. black; dark
3. (figuratively) sun
4. A Chinese interrogative for rhetorical questions.

   烏(う)有(ゆう) ― uyū ― (literally “not-have”) nonexistence; nothing

Derived terms edit

Kanji edit

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Etymology edit

Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Noun edit

烏(がらさー) or 烏(がるさー) (garasā or garusā) 

1. crow, raven

Hanja edit

烏 • (o) (hangeul 오, revised o, McCune–Reischauer o, Yale o)

1. Hanja form^? of 오 (“crow”).

Kanji edit

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Etymology edit

Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Noun edit

烏(がらすぃ) (garasï) 

1. crow, raven

Kanji edit

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Etymology edit

Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Noun edit

烏(がらし) (garashi) 

1. crow, raven

Kanji edit

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Etymology edit

Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Noun edit

烏(がらし) (garashi) 

1. crow, raven

Han character edit

烏: Hán Nôm readings: ô

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Kanji edit

(“Jinmeiyō” kanji used for names)

Etymology edit

Cognate with Japanese 烏 (karasu).

Noun edit

烏(がらち) (garachi) 

1. crow, raven