扭

Translingual edit

Han character edit

扭 (Kangxi radical 64, 手+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 手弓土 (QNG), four-corner 5701₅, composition ⿰扌丑)

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 418, character 16
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11826
Dae Jaweon: page 765, character 14
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1845, character 3
Unihan data for U+626D

Chinese edit

trad.		扭
simp. ^#		扭

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (丑) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
峱	*nuː
紐	*nuʔ
扭	nuʔ, tnuʔ
狃	nuʔ, nus
鈕	*nuʔ
忸	nuʔ, nuɡ
杻	nuʔ, n̥ʰuʔ
莥	*nuʔ
羞	*snu
丑	*n̥ʰuʔ
沑	njuʔ, nuɡ
粈	*njuʔ
衄	nuɡ, njuɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuʔ, *tnuʔ) : semantic 手 (“hand”) + phonetic 丑 (OC *n̥ʰuʔ).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): niǔ (niu³)
(Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄡˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): nau², nau⁵
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiú / neú
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): liú / niú / ngiú / láu
(Teochew, Peng'im): niu² / nao⁶
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ¹gnieu

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: niǔ
  - Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄡˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: niǒu
  - Wade–Giles: niu³
  - Yale: nyǒu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neou
  - Palladius: ню (nju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ni̯oʊ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: nau², nau⁵
  - Yale: náu, náuh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: nau², nau⁵
  - Guangdong Romanization: neo², neo⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /nɐu̯³⁵/, /nɐu̯¹³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiú / neú
  - Hakka Romanization System: ngiu` / neu`
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ngiu³ / neu³
  - Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯u³¹/, /neu̯³¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liú
  - Tâi-lô: liú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liuo
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Taipei): /liu⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /liu⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: niú
  - Tâi-lô: niú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: niuo
  - IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /niũ⁵³/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /niũ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /niũ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngiú
  - Tâi-lô: ngiú
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ngiuo
  - IPA (Taipei): /ŋiũ⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /ŋiũ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu
  - Tâi-lô: láu
  - Phofsit Daibuun: lao
  - IPA (Taipei): /lau⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /lau⁴¹/

Note: láu - 磱 is used in the Mainland.

- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: niu² / nao⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: niú / nău
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /niu⁵²/, /nau³⁵/
Wu
- (Shanghai):
  - Wugniu: ¹gnieu
  - MiniDict: 'nyeu^平
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹'nyieu
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /n̠ʲiɤ⁵³/

Middle Chinese: nrjuwX, trjuwX

Rime
Character	扭	扭
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	娘 (12)	知 (9)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	女久切	陟柳切
Baxter	nrjuwX	trjuwX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɳɨu^X/	/ʈɨu^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɳiu^X/	/ʈiu^X/
Shao Rongfen	/niəu^X/	/ȶiəu^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɳuw^X/	/ʈuw^X/
Li Rong	/niu^X/	/ȶiu^X/
Wang Li	/nĭəu^X/	/ȶĭəu^X/
Bernard Karlgren	/ni̯ə̯u^X/	/ȶi̯ə̯u^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	niǔ	zhǒu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	nau⁵	zau²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*nuʔ/, /*tnuʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	扭	扭
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1518	1525
Phonetic component	丑	丑
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	狃	肘
Old Chinese	/*nuʔ/	/*tnuʔ/

Definitions edit

扭

to turn around
- 楊志聽得弓弦響，扭回身，就鞍上把那枝箭只一綽，綽在手裡。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  杨志听得弓弦响，扭回身，就鞍上把那枝箭只一绰，绰在手里。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Shi Nai'an, Water Margin, circa 14^th century CE
  Yáng Zhì tīng de gōngxián xiǎng, niǔ huí shēn, jiù ān shàng bǎ nà zhī jiàn zhǐ yī chāo, chāo zài shǒu lǐ. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
to twist; to wrench
瓶蓋扭不開／瓶盖扭不开 ― pínggài niǔ bù kāi ― unable to open a bottle cap
扭乾啲條毛巾啦 [Cantonese, trad.]
扭干啲条毛巾啦 [Cantonese, simp.]
nau² gon¹ di¹ tiu⁴ mou⁴ gan¹ laa¹ [Jyutping]
wring the towel drier
to sprain
把腳踝扭傷了／把脚踝扭伤了 ― bǎ jiǎohuái niǔ shāng le ― to have sprained my angle
扭嚫條腰／扭𰈍条腰 [Cantonese] ― nau² can¹ tiu⁴ jiu¹ [Jyutping] ― sprained my back
to swing (one's body)
扭屁股 ― niǔ pìgǔ ― to shake one's butt
一扭一扭地走路 ― yī niǔ yī niǔ de zǒulù ― to walk with a rolling gait
to seize; to grapple with
crooked; not straight

Synonyms edit

(to twist) 擰／拧 (nǐng)

Compounds edit

一不扭眾／一不扭众
七扭八歪
七歪八扭
別扭／别扭
彆扭／别扭
扭來扭去／扭来扭去
扭傷／扭伤 (niǔshāng)
扭別／扭别
扭力 (niǔlì)
扭勁／扭劲
扭動／扭动 (niǔdòng)
扭嘴兒／扭嘴儿
扭手扭腳／扭手扭脚
扭打 (niǔdǎ)
扭扭屹屹
扭扭舞
扭扭薯條／扭扭薯条 (niǔniǔ shǔtiáo)
扭捏 (niǔnie)
扭掠 (liú-lia̍h) (Min Nan)
扭搜
扭搭
扭擰／扭拧
扭斷／扭断
扭是為非／扭是为非
扭曲 (niǔqū)
扭曲作直
扭橋／扭桥
扭筋
扭結／扭结
扭股兒糖／扭股儿糖
扭腔
扭腰
扭腰撒胯
扭腰舞
扭臀 (niǔtún)
扭虧／扭亏
扭蛋 (niǔdàn)
扭計／扭计
扭身
扭轉／扭转 (niǔzhuǎn)
扭送 (niǔsòng)
扭開／扭开
扭項／扭项
扭頭折頸／扭头折颈
扭頭暴筋／扭头暴筋
扭頭瞥項／扭头瞥项
揪扭
東扭西捏／东扭西捏
歪七扭八
歪歪扭扭 (wāiwāiniǔniǔ)
結扭／结扭
鬧彆扭／闹别扭

References edit

“扭”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

扭

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

Readings edit

On (unclassified): じゅう (jū); にゅ (nyu); ちゅう (chū); ちゅ (chu)
Kun: ねじまわす (nejimawasu)

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

扭: Hán Nôm readings: nữu, níu, nửu

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