寨

Translingual edit

Han character edit

寨 (Kangxi radical 40, 宀+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 十廿金木 (JTCD), four-corner 3090₄, composition ⿱𡨄木)

Derived characters edit

㩟𩠵

Usage notes edit

In the Mainland stroke order standard, there is a 豎鉤 stroke in the lower part of the character. In the Taiwan and Hong Kong stroke order standards, the same stroke is a 豎 without a 鉤.

References edit

Kangxi Dictionary: page 291, character 11
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 7298
Dae Jaweon: page 577, character 5
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1270, character 1
Unihan data for U+5BE8

Chinese edit

trad.		寨
simp. ^#		寨
2nd round simp.		𰌻
alternative forms		砦／寨

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (塞) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
賽	*slɯːɡs
塞	slɯːɡs, slɯːɡ
簺	*slɯːɡs
僿	*hljɯɡs
寨	zraːds, slɯːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zraːds, *slɯːɡ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : phonetic 𡨄 (, “to block; to block up; to jam; to plug”) + semantic 木 (“wood”).

Pronunciation edit

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zhài (zhai⁴)
(Zhuyin): ㄓㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zaai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhai
Northern Min (KCR): cāi
Eastern Min (BUC): câi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): chāi / chē / chēe
(Teochew, Peng'im): zê⁷
Wu (Wugniu)
- (Northern): ⁶ze; ¹tse / ⁶ze / ⁶dze

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zhài
  - Zhuyin: ㄓㄞˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jhài
  - Wade–Giles: chai⁴
  - Yale: jài
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jay
  - Palladius: чжай (čžaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: zaai⁶
  - Yale: jaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: zai⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡saːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhai
  - Hakka Romanization System: cai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: cai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰai̯⁵⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cāi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sai⁵⁵/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: câi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɑi²⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chāi
  - Tâi-lô: tsāi
  - Phofsit Daibuun: zai
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sai²²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chē
  - Tâi-lô: tsē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: ze
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen): /t͡se²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡se³³/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chēe
  - Tâi-lô: tsēe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²²/

Note:

chāi - literary;
chē/chēe - vernacular.

(Teochew)
- Peng'im: zê⁷
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsē
- Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡se¹¹/

Wu
- (Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ze; ¹tse
  - MiniDict: ze^去; tse^平
  - Dictionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³ze; ¹tse
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ze²³/, /t͡se⁵³/
- (Suzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ze
  - MiniDict: ze^去
  - Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /ze²³¹/
- (Hangzhou)
  - Wugniu: ⁶dze
  - MiniDict: dze^去
  - Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /d͡zɛ¹¹³/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 寨
Mandarin	Beijing	/ʈ͡ʂai⁵¹/
	Harbin	/t͡sai⁵³/ /ʈ͡ʂai⁵³/
	Tianjin	/t͡sai⁵³/
	Jinan	/ʈ͡ʂɛ²¹/
	Qingdao	/ʈ͡ʂe⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/ʈ͡ʂai³¹²/
	Xi'an	/t͡sai⁴⁴/
	Xining	/t͡sɛ²¹³/
	Yinchuan	/ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ʈ͡ʂɛ¹³/
	Ürümqi	/t͡sai²¹³/
	Wuhan	/t͡sai³⁵/
	Chengdu	/t͡sai¹³/
	Guiyang	/t͡sai²¹³/
	Kunming	/ʈ͡ʂæ²¹²/
	Nanjing	/ʈ͡ʂae⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ʈ͡ʂe̞⁵³/
Jin	Taiyuan	/t͡sai⁴⁵/
	Pingyao	/t͡sæ³⁵/
	Hohhot	/t͡sɛ⁵⁵/
Wu	Shanghai	/ze²³/ /t͡se⁵³/
	Suzhou	/ze̞³¹/
	Hangzhou	/d͡ze̞¹³/
	Wenzhou	/d͡za²²/
Hui	Shexian	/t͡sɛ³²⁴/ /sɛ³²⁴/
Hui	Tunxi	/t͡sa⁴²/
Xiang	Changsha	/t͡sai⁵⁵/ /t͡sai¹¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/d͡zai²¹/
Gan	Nanchang	/t͡sʰai²¹/
Hakka	Meixian	/t͡sʰai⁵³/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/t͡sai²²/
	Nanning	/t͡sai²²/
	Hong Kong	/t͡sai²²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/t͡sai²²/ /t͡se²²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/t͡sɑi²⁴²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/t͡sai⁴⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/t͡se³¹/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/sai³⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzraejH, sok

Rime
Character	寨	寨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	崇 (20)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	夬 (29)	登 (131)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	I
Fanqie	犲夬切	蘇則切
Baxter	dzraejH	sok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ʒˠai^H/	/sək̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ɖ͡ʐᵚai^H/	/sək̚/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡ʒai^H/	/sək̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɖ͡ʐaɨjs^H/	/sək̚/
Li Rong	/d͡ʒai^H/	/sək̚/
Wang Li	/d͡ʒæi^H/	/sək̚/
Bernard Karlgren	/ɖ͡ʐʱai^H/	/sək̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zhài	se
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zaai⁶	sak¹

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zraːds/, /*slɯːɡ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	寨	寨
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	1693	10962
Phonetic component	此	塞
Rime group	祭	職
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	寨	塞
Old Chinese	/*zraːds/	/*slɯːɡ/
Notes	集韻同柴或做砦，從塞柴省聲

Definitions edit

寨

Synonyms edit

(stockaded village): 寨子 (zhàizi)
(barracks):

兵營／兵营 (bīngyíng)
營子／营子 (yíngzi)
營房／营房 (yíngfáng)
軍營／军营 (jūnyíng)
陣營／阵营 (zhènyíng)

Compounds edit

丁寨 (Dīngzhài)
付寨 (Fùzhài)
倒寨計／倒寨计
偷營劫寨／偷营劫寨
劫寨 (jiézhài)
呂寨／吕寨 (Lǚzhài)
周寨 (Zhōuzhài)
壓寨夫人／压寨夫人
大堖寨／大垴寨 (Dànǎozhài)
大寨 (Dàzhài)
安營下寨／安营下寨 (ānyíngxiàzhài)
安營紮寨／安营扎寨
寨主
寨坡 (Zhàipō)
寨子 (zhàizi)
寨柵／寨栅
小寨 (Xiǎozhài)
山寨 (shānzhài)
引狗入寨
拔寨 (bázhài)
押寨夫人
李寨 (Lǐzhài)
東寨／东寨 (Dōngzhài)
柬埔寨 (Jiǎnpǔzhài)
楊寨／杨寨 (Yángzhài)
煙花寨／烟花寨
煙花寨主／烟花寨主
營寨／营寨 (yíngzhài)
王寨 (Wángzhài)
萬寨／万寨 (Wànzhài)
紮寨／扎寨
老寨
者來寨／者来寨 (Zhělái Zhài)
貫寨／贯寨
迷魂寨
邊寨／边寨 (biānzhài)
錢寨／钱寨 (Qiánzhài)
雙寨／双寨 (Shuāngzhài)
馬家寨／马家寨 (Mǎjiāzhài)
馬鞍寨／马鞍寨 (Mǎ'ānzhài)
鶯花寨／莺花寨
鹿寨 (lùzhài)

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

寨

(uncommon “Hyōgai” kanji)

fort

Readings edit

Go-on: ざい (zai)
Kan-on: さい (sai)
Kun: とりで (toride)

Noun edit

Kanji in this term
寨
とりで Hyōgaiji
kun’yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 寨 – see the following entry.

【砦とりで】J

[noun] fort

Alternative spelling
塁

(This term, 寨, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Korean edit

Hanja edit

寨 (eumhun 울짱, 목책 채 (uljjang, mokchaek chae))

fort
wooden fence

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

寨: Hán Nôm readings: trại

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