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壁

See also: 璧
壁 U+58C1, 壁
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58C1
← 壀
[U+58C0]		CJK Unified Ideographs壂 →
[U+58C2]

Translingual edit

Han character edit

壁 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+13, 16 strokes, cangjie input 尸十土 (SJG), four-corner 70104, composition ⿱辟土)

References edit

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 240, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5516
  • Dae Jaweon: page 479, character 29
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 494, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+58C1

Chinese edit

simp. and trad.
壁
2nd round simp.坒
Wikipedia has an article on:

Glyph origin edit

Characters in the same phonetic series (辟) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嬖*peːɡs
薜*beːɡs, *preːɡ
鐾*beːɡs
臂*peɡs
譬*pʰeɡs
避*beɡs
檗*preːɡ
擘*preːɡ
糪*preːɡ, *pʰreːɡ
掰*preːɡ
繴*breːɡ, *peːɡ
辟*peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ
璧*peɡ
鐴*peɡ
躄*peɡ
襞*peɡ
僻*pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ
癖*pʰeɡ, *pʰeːɡ
廦*pʰeɡ, *peːɡ
擗*beɡ
躃*beɡ
闢*beɡ
壁*peːɡ
鼊*peːɡ
霹*pʰeːɡ
劈*pʰeːɡ
澼*pʰeːɡ
憵*pʰeːɡ
甓*beːɡ
鷿*beːɡ
幦*mbeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *peːɡ) : semantic 土 (“earth”) + phonetic 辟 (OC *peɡ, *pʰeɡ, *beɡ) – an earthen wall.

Pronunciation edit

Note:
  • Meixian:
    • biag5 - vernacular;
    • bid5 - literary.
Note:
  • biă - vernacular;
  • bĭ - literary.
Note:
  • biáh/biéh - vernacular;
  • bék - literary.
Note:
  • piah - vernacular;
  • piak/pek - literary.
  • Dialectal data
VarietyLocation壁
MandarinBeijing/pi⁵¹/
Harbin/pi⁵³/
Tianjin/pi⁵³/
Jinan/pi²¹/
Qingdao/pi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou/pi³¹²/
Xi'an/pi²¹/
Xining/pji⁴⁴/
Yinchuan/pi¹³/
Lanzhou/pi¹³/
Ürümqi/pi²¹³/
Wuhan/pi²¹³/
Chengdu/pi³¹/
Guiyang/pi²¹/
Kunming/pi³¹/
Nanjing/piʔ⁵/
Hefei/piəʔ⁵/
JinTaiyuan/piəʔ²/
Pingyao/piʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot/piəʔ⁴³/
WuShanghai/piɪʔ⁵/
Suzhou/piəʔ⁵/
Hangzhou/piəʔ⁵/
Wenzhou/pi²¹³/
HuiShexian/piʔ²¹/
Tunxi/pi⁵/
XiangChangsha/pi²⁴/
/pia²⁴/
Xiangtan/piɒ²⁴/
GanNanchang/piɑʔ⁵/
HakkaMeixian/piak̚¹/
Taoyuan/piɑk̚²²/
CantoneseGuangzhou/pek̚⁵/
Nanning/pek̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong/pik̚⁵/
MinXiamen (Hokkien)/pik̚³²/
/piaʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)/piɛʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min)/pi²⁴/
/pia²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew)/piaʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese)/ʔbek̚⁵/
/ʔbia⁵⁵/
Rime
Character壁
Reading #1/1
Initial (聲)幫 (1)
Final (韻)錫 (127)
Tone (調)Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)Open
Division (等)IV
Fanqie北激切
Baxterpek
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		/pek̚/
Pan
Wuyun		/pek̚/
Shao
Rongfen		/pɛk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		/pɛjk̚/
Li
Rong		/pek̚/
Wang
Li		/piek̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		/piek̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		bi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex		bik1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character壁
Reading #1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		bì
Middle
Chinese		‹ pek ›
Old
Chinese		/*C.pˁek/
Englishhouse wall

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character壁
Reading #1/1
No.688
Phonetic
component		辟
Rime
group		錫
Rime
subdivision		0
Corresponding
MC rime		壁
Old
Chinese		/*peːɡ/

Definitions edit

壁

  1. wall; partition (Classifier: 堵 mn)
    牆壁／墙壁  ―  qiángbì  ―  wall
  2. rampart; defensive wall
    壁壘／壁垒  ―  bìlěi  ―  rampart; barrier
  3. cliff; precipice
    峭壁  ―  qiàobì  ―  cliff; steep
  4. something resembling a wall; lumen; surface
  5. (astronomy) (～宿) Wall (Chinese constellation)

Synonyms edit

  • (wall):
Dialectal synonyms of 牆 (“wall”) [map]
VarietyLocationWords
Classical Chinese牆, 壁, 垣墉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)牆, 牆壁, 牆垣
MandarinBeijing牆
Taiwan牆
Jinan牆
Luoyang牆
Xi'an牆
Wuhan牆
Chengdu牆, 壁頭
Guilin牆
Yangzhou牆
Hefei牆
Singapore牆壁
CantoneseGuangzhou牆
Hong Kong牆
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou)籬壆, 牆
Hong Kong (Ting Kok)牆
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)牆
Taishan牆
Dongguan籬
Yangjiang牆
Hepu (Lianzhou)牆
Hepu (Shatian)牆
Beihai牆
Beihai (Nankang)牆
Beihai (Yingpan)牆
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô)牆壁
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà)牆
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng)牆
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)牆
Singapore (Guangfu)牆
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)牆
Móng Cái牆
GanNanchang牆, 壁
Pingxiang牆
HakkaMeixian牆, 壁
Yudu牆
Miaoli (N. Sixian)壁
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)壁
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)壁
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)壁
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)壁
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)壁
Hong Kong牆, 壁頭
Senai (Huiyang)牆
HuizhouJixi牆壁
JinTaiyuan牆
Northern MinJian'ou牆
Eastern MinFuzhou牆, 牆壁, 壁
Southern MinXiamen牆, 壁, 壁堵
Quanzhou壁堵
Zhao'an壁
Tainan牆, 壁, 壁堵
Penang (Hokkien)牆, 壁
Singapore (Hokkien)牆, 壁
Manila (Hokkien)壁
Medan (Hokkien)壁
Chaozhou牆
Bangkok (Teochew)牆
Johor Bahru (Teochew)牆
Singapore (Teochew)壁, 牆
Puxian MinPutian牆, 壁
Putian (Donghai)牆, 壁
Putian (Jiangkou)牆
Putian (Nanri)牆, 壁, 牆壁
Xianyou牆
Xianyou (Fengting)牆
Xianyou (Youyang)牆
Southern PinghuaNanning (Tingzi)牆
WuShanghai牆頭, 牆壁
Shanghai (Chongming)牆
Suzhou牆頭, 牆壁
Danyang牆頭
Hangzhou牆頭
Ningbo牆壁
Wenzhou屏牆, 牆
XiangChangsha牆壁, 牆, 壁
Xiangxiang牆
Loudi壁頭
Shuangfeng牆頭, 壁頭

Compounds edit

Japanese edit

Kanji edit

壁

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings edit

Etymology edit

Kanji in this term
壁
かべ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Compound of 処 (ka, “place”) +‎ 重 (he, “division”), in reference to walls dividing objects apart.[1] The he changes to be as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

Pronunciation edit

Noun edit

壁(かべ) • (kabe) 

  1. wall; barrier
    • 2011 May 14, “アクア・マドール [Aqua Madoll]”, in Beginner's Edition 1, Konami:
      水(みず)をあやつる魔(ま)法(ほう)使(つか)い。分(ぶ)厚(あつ)い水(みず)の壁(かべ)をつくり敵(てき)を押(お)しつぶす。
      Mizu o ayatsuru mahōtsukai. Buatsui mizu no kabe o tsukuri teki o oshitsubusu.
      A water-manipulating magician who crushes his enemies with his massive water walls.

Coordinate terms edit

References edit

  1. ^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK Publishing, →ISBN

Korean edit

Hanja edit

壁 (eumhun 벽 벽 (byeok byeok))

  1. Hanja form? of 벽 (“wall”).

Compounds edit

Vietnamese edit

Han character edit

壁: Hán Nôm readings: bích, bệch, bịch, vách

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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