刺

Han character edit

刺 (Kangxi radical 18, 刀+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 木月中弓 (DBLN), four-corner 5290₀, composition ⿰朿刂)

Derived characters edit

• 䱨 莿 箣 𪮁 𧼕 𠩪 𤷫 𪑟 𦖝 𧌐 𭰩 𮔗

References edit

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 139, character 13
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1969
• Dae Jaweon: page 316, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 333, character 2
• Unihan data for U+523A

• Unihan data for U+F9FF

Glyph origin edit

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ) : phonetic 朿 (OC *sʰeɡs) + semantic 刂 (“knife”).

Etymology 1 edit

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *m-tshyar ~ *g-zyar (“thorn, nail, tack”) (provisional) (STEDT); cognate with Tibetan ཚེར་མ (tsher ma, “thorn, thorn bush”), གཟེར་བ (gzer ba, “to bore into”), and གཟེར (gzer, “nail”) (Schuessler, 2007).

刺 (OC *tsekh) "attack, satirize" (Zuozhuan) < "criticize" (Shijing) < lit. "cause to be stabbed" is exopassive/exoactive derivation of 刺 (OC *tsek) "pierce, stab" (ibid.); 朿 (OC tsʰie^C) "thorn" (SW) is Han period's general tone-C derivation of 刺 (OC *tsʰiek) (ibid.)

Pronunciation 1 edit

Definitions edit

刺

1. a pointed structure which is able to pierce something (spike, spine, thorn, etc.)
2. (literary, or in compounds) visiting card

Descendants edit

Pronunciation 2 edit

Definitions edit

刺

1. to stab; to prick
2. (literary, or in compounds) to kill discreetly; to assassinate discreetly

   被刺  ―  bèi cì  ―  to be assassinated

   荊軻刺秦王／荆轲刺秦王  ―  Jīng Kē cì qín wáng  ―  Jing Ke's [attempted] assassination of the King of Qin

3. (literary, or in compounds) to criticize with pointed words

   • 群臣吏民，能面刺寡人之過者，受上賞。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
     群臣吏民，能面刺寡人之过者，受上赏。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]

     From: Zhanguo Ce, circa 5^th – 3^rd centuries BCE

     Qúnchén lìmín, néng miàncì guǎrén zhī guò zhě, shòu shàng shǎng. [Pinyin]

     (please add an English translation of this usage example)

4. (literary, or in compounds) to pry into; to investigate
5. (literary, or in compounds) to stimulate

   刺耳  ―  cì'ěr  ―  ear-piercing

6. (literary, or in compounds or Southern Min) to provoke; to irritate (through light, sound, heat, etc.)
7. (fencing) to thrust; to attack the opponent at an area parallel to the weapon's length
8. (fencing) thrust

   假直刺  ―  jiǎ zhí cì  ―  feint direct thrust

9. a surname: Ci
10. (Hokkien, by extension) to sew; to weave; to knit; to embroider
11. (Hokkien, by extension) to tattoo
12. (Mainland China Hokkien) dazzling; glaring
13. (Mainland China Hokkien) to pick out; to pluck out
14. (Taiwanese Hokkien) to expose; to bring to light
15. (Taiwanese Hokkien) prickly and uncomfortable (as if being pricked by needles)
16. (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to remind someone during a fight of the number of times one has given favors to that person

Synonyms edit

• (to stab): 捅 (tǒng), (Hokkien) 𠡡
• (to kill discreetly):

• (to criticize with pointed words):

• (to pry into):

• (to knit):

• (to expose):

Pronunciation 3 edit

Definitions edit

刺

1. sound of rubbing

Pronunciation 4 edit

Definitions edit

刺

1. Only used in 刺促 (qìcù).

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

References edit

• “刺”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
• Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A00347
• (Cantonese) 粵音資料集叢

Kanji edit

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings edit

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjeH, “spike, thorn; calling card”):

• Go-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: し (shi, Jōyō)
• Kun: とげ (toge, 刺)

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjek, “prick, stab; criticize with pointed words”):

• Go-on: しゃく (shaku)
• Kan-on: せき (seki)
• Kun: さす (sasu, 刺す, Jōyō); ささる (sasaru, 刺さる, Jōyō); そしる (soshiru, 刺る)

Compounds edit

• 刺(せっ)客(かく) (sekkaku)
• 刺青(いれずみ) (irezumi)
• 肉刺(まめ) (mame)

Etymology 1 edit

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Alternative forms edit

• 棘

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) とげ​ [tògéꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [to̞ɡe̞]

Noun edit

刺(とげ) • (toge) 

1. a thorn, prickle
2. a splinter
3. a biting word

Etymology 2 edit

Nominalization of the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 刺す (sasu, “to pierce; to prick, sting”).

Alternative forms edit

• 刺し
• (paper string for coins): 緡

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) さし​ [sàshíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])^[1]
• IPA^(key): [sa̠ɕi]

Noun edit

刺(さし) • (sashi) 

1. Short for 米刺 (komesashi): a small tool used to extract a sample of rice from a bag in order to test its quality
2. (historical) in the Edo period, a paper string used to store ぜに (zeni, “round coins with a square hole in the center”)
3. Short for 刺身 (sashimi): sliced pieces of fish or other meat

Derived terms edit

• 刺(さし)身(み) (sashimi)
• 肉(にく)刺(さし) (nikusashi)
• 絽(ろ)刺(ざし) (rozashi)

Etymology 3 edit

Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *era.

Alternative forms edit

• 苛, 莿

Noun edit

刺(いら) • (ira) 

1. a thorn, prickle
2. the spine (needle-like structure) of a fish's dorsal fin
3. Short for 刺草 (irakusa): nettle
4. Short for 刺虫 (iramushi): the larva of the 刺蛾 (iraga, “Monema flavescens”), a species of moth
5. the horn-like projections of 金平糖 (konpeitō, “sugar candy of varying colors and flavors”)
6. Synonym of 水母 (kurage): a jellyfish

Derived terms edit

• 刺(イラ)草(クサ) (irakusa), 蕁麻(イラクサ) (irakusa)

Etymology 4 edit

/si/ → /ɕi/

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjeH).

Pronunciation edit

• (Tokyo) し​ [shíꜜ] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1][2]
• IPA^(key): [ɕi]

Noun edit

刺(し) • (shi) 

1. a thorn, prickle, needle
2. a calling card, name card

   Synonyms: 名札 (nafuda), 名刺 (meishi)

Affix edit

刺(し) • (shi) 

1. stab, prick
2. criticize with pointed words
3. spike, thorn
4. name card

Derived terms edit

References edit

Etymology 1 edit

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjeH).

Pronunciation edit

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕa̠(ː)]
• Phonetic hangul: [자(ː)]
  • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja edit

Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

刺

Wikisource

刺 (eumhun 찌를 자 (jjireul ja))

1. Hanja form^? of 자 (“spike; thorn”).
2. Hanja form^? of 자 (“to stab; to prick”).

Compounds edit

Etymology 2 edit

From Middle Chinese 刺 (MC tshjek).

Pronunciation edit

• (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [t͡ɕʰʌ̹k̚]
• Phonetic hangul: [척]

Hanja edit

刺 (eumhun 찌를 척 (jjireul cheok))

1. Hanja form^? of 척 (“to stab; to prick”).

Compounds edit

Etymology 3 edit

Hanja edit

刺 (eumhun 나무랄 체 (namural che))

1. (literary Chinese) Hanja form^? of 체 (“scold”).

References edit

• 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]

Han character edit

刺: Hán Việt readings: thích, thứ
刺: Nôm readings: chích

1. Nôm form of chích (“to prick”).