淮水,流諸中國東部,介於江、河間。與江、河與濟並稱「四瀆」。出河南省南陽城桐柏縣境西之太白頂西北之谷,經河南、安徽、江蘇三省之境,分為上游、中游、下游,全長二千里有奇,浩浩湯湯。洪河口之上以為上游,其下至洪澤湖出口之中渡以為中游,又下以至三江營之境以為下游,曰入江水道,以其南下而會江也。
其流域地跨河南、湖北、安徽、江蘇和山東五省。流域之境,廣為二千七百頃而有餘。廢黃河以為界,復可析為淮河、沂沭泗河之水系。
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