Lithyamu
Lithyamu (Lithium) ni chimoza mwa visungunu icho chili na chimanyikwiro cha 'Li' na chipenda-atomu cha 3.
 Lithium floating in oil | |||||||||||||||
| Lithium | |||||||||||||||
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| Pronunciation | /ˈlɪθiəm/ | ||||||||||||||
| Appearance | silvery-white | ||||||||||||||
| Standard atomic weight Ar°(Li) | |||||||||||||||
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| Lithium in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||
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| Atomic number (Z) | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Group | group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals | ||||||||||||||
| Period | period 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Block | s-block | ||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [He] 2s1 | ||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||
| Phase at STP | solid | ||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 453.65 K (180.50 °C, 356.90 °F) | ||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 1603 K (1330 °C, 2426 °F) | ||||||||||||||
| Density (near r.t.) | 0.534 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
| when liquid (at m.p.) | 0.512 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||
| Critical point | 3220 K, 67 MPa (extrapolated) | ||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 3.00 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 136 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||
| Molar heat capacity | 24.860 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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| Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | 0, +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | ||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.98 | ||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies |
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 152 pm | ||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 128±7 pm | ||||||||||||||
| Van der Waals radius | 182 pm | ||||||||||||||
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| Other properties | |||||||||||||||
| Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | Template:Infobox element/crystal structure Template:Infobox element/crystal structure | ||||||||||||||
| Speed of sound thin rod | 6000 m/s (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||
| Thermal expansion | 46 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C) | ||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 84.8 W/(m⋅K) | ||||||||||||||
| Electrical resistivity | 92.8 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic | ||||||||||||||
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | +14.2×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K) | ||||||||||||||
| Young's modulus | 4.9 GPa | ||||||||||||||
| Shear modulus | 4.2 GPa | ||||||||||||||
| Bulk modulus | 11 GPa | ||||||||||||||
| Mohs hardness | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||
| Brinell hardness | 5 MPa | ||||||||||||||
| CAS Number | 7439-93-2 | ||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||
| Discovery | Johan August Arfwedson (1817) | ||||||||||||||
| First isolation | William Thomas Brande (1821) | ||||||||||||||
| Isotopes of lithium | |||||||||||||||
Ukaboni
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