Vrhunec Nafte

Vrhunec ne pomeni konec nafte ampak samo manjšanje proizvodnje. Kljub temu je zelo pomemben energetski dogodek, ki bo zelo vplival na ceno nafte in svetovno politiko. Nafta je trenutno najpomembnejši energent na svetu. Nekateri znanstveniki predvidevajo, da bo vrhuncu nafte sledilo gospodarsko nazadovanje.

Ameriški znanstvenik M. King Hubbert je pravilno napovedal vrhunec proizvodnje nafte v ZDA, ki se je zgodil leta 1970 - zato se po njem imenuje "Hubbertov vrhunec". Hubbertov vrhunec se lahko uporablja tudi za druge energente kot npr. zemeljski plin in premog.

Od leta 1994 do 2006 je proizvodnja rasla povprečno 1,76% na leto. Od leta 2008 do 2009 je celo padla za 1,8% kljub zmanjšanju cen nafte. Tako je proizvodnja nafte v zadnjih letih bolj ali manj konstantna pri okrog 85 milijonih sodčkov (13610000 m³) na dan. Nekateri trdijo, da se je vrhunec že zgodil, drugi predvidevajo, da bo proizvodnja narasla na 104 milijone sodčkov na dan leta 2030.

• Doba nafte
• Vrhunec premoga
• Vrhunec plina
• Vrhunec urana

Bibliografija

• Aleklett,Kjel (2012). Peeking at Peak Oil. Springer Science. ISBN 978-1461434238.
• Campbell, Colin J (2004). The Essence of Oil & Gas Depletion. Multi-Science Publishing. ISBN 0-906522-19-6.
• Campbell, Colin J (1997). The Coming Oil Crisis. Multi-Science Publishing. ISBN 0-906522-11-0.
• Campbell, Colin J (2005). Oil Crisis. Multi-Science Publishing. ISBN 0-906522-39-0.
• Deffeyes, Kenneth S (2002). Hubbert's Peak: The Impending World Oil Shortage. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-09086-6.
• Deffeyes, Kenneth S (2005). Beyond Oil: The View from Hubbert's Peak. Hill and Wang. ISBN 0-8090-2956-1.
• Goodstein David (2005). Out of Gas: The End of the Age of Oil. WW Norton. ISBN 0-393-05857-3.
• Greer, J. M. (2013). Not the Future We Ordered: The Psychology of Peak Oil and the Myth of Eternal Progress. Karnac Books. ISBN 978-1-78049-088-5.
• Herold, D. M. (2012). Peak Oil. Hurstelung und Verlag. ISBN 978-3-8448-0097-5.
• Heinberg Richard (2003). The Party's Over: Oil, War, and the Fate of Industrial Societies. New Society Publishers. ISBN 0-86571-482-7.
• Heinberg, Richard (2004). Power Down: Options and Actions for a Post-Carbon World. New Society Publishers. ISBN 0-86571-510-6.
• Heinberg, Richard (2006). The Oil Depletion Protocol: A Plan to Avert Oil Wars, Terrorism and Economic Collapse. New Society Publishers. ISBN 0-86571-563-7.
• Heinberg, Richard; Lerch, Daniel (2010). The Post Carbon Reader: Managing the 21st Century's Sustainability Crises. Watershed Media. ISBN 978-0-9709500-6-2.
• Huber Peter (2005). The Bottomless Well. Basic Books. ISBN 0-465-03116-1.
• Kunstler James H (2005). The Long Emergency: Surviving the End of the Oil Age, Climate Change, and Other Converging Catastrophes. Atlantic Monthly Press. ISBN 0-87113-888-3.
• Leggett Jeremy K (2005). The Empty Tank: Oil, Gas, Hot Air, and the Coming Financial Catastrophe. Random House. ISBN 1-4000-6527-5.
• Leggett, Jeremy K (2005). Half Gone: Oil, Gas, Hot Air and the Global Energy Crisis. Portobello Books. ISBN 1-84627-004-9.
• Leggett Jeremy K (2001). The Carbon War: Global Warming and the End of the Oil Era. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-93102-9.
• Lovins Amory; in sod. (2005). Winning the Oil Endgame: Innovation for Profit, Jobs and Security. Rocky Mountain Institute. ISBN 1-881071-10-3.
• Pfeiffer Dale Allen (2004). The End of the Oil Age. Lulu Press. ISBN 1-4116-0629-9.
• Newman Sheila (2008). The Final Energy Crisis (2 izd.). Pluto Press. ISBN 978-0-7453-2717-4. OCLC 228370383.
• Roberts Paul (2004). The End of Oil. On the Edge of a Perilous New World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. ISBN 978-0-618-23977-1.
• Ruppert Michael C (2005). Crossing the Rubicon: The Decline of the American Empire at the End of the Age of Oil. New Society. ISBN 978-0-86571-540-0.
• Simmons Matthew R (2005). Twilight in the Desert: The Coming Saudi Oil Shock and the World Economy. Hoboken, N.J.: Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0-471-73876-X.
• Simon Julian L (1998). The Ultimate Resource. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0-691-00381-5.
• Stansberry Mark A; Reimbold Jason (2008). The Braking Point. Hawk Publishing. ISBN 978-1-930709-67-6.
• Tertzakian Peter (2006). A Thousand Barrels a Second. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-146874-9.
• Vassiliou, Marius (2009). Historical Dictionary of the Petroleum Industry. Scarecrow Press (Rowman & Littlefield). ISBN 0-8108-5993-9.

 

Wikimedijina zbirka ponuja več predstavnostnega gradiva o temi: Vrhunec nafte.

• Association for the Study of Peak Oil International
• Eating Fossil Fuels FromTheWilderness.com
• Peak Oil Primer - Resilience.org; Peak Oil related articles Arhivirano 2016-11-25 na Wayback Machine. - Resilience.org
• Not Running Out of Oil (Yet): Oil Reserves Overview - The Daily Fusion
• Evolutionary psychology and peak oil: A Malthusian inspired "heads up" for humanity^{[mrtva povezava]} An overview of peak oil, possible impacts, and mitigation strategies, by Dr. Michael Mills
• Energy Export Databrowser-Visual review of production and consumption trends for individual nations; data from the BP Annual Statistical Review
• Peak Oil For Dummies – concise quotes from renowned politicians, oil executives, and analysts
• Peak oil - EAA-PHEV Wiki Electric vehicles provide an opportunity to transition away from fueling our vehicles with petroleum fuels.