Irrawaddy River: River in Myanmar and China

It is the country's largest river and most important commercial waterway. It begins where the N'mai and Mali rivers join together. The river ends at the Andaman Sea. The drainage basin is about 404,200 square kilometres (156,100 sq mi) and covers a large part of Myanmar.no

Irrawaddy River ဧရာဝတီမြစ်
Aerial view of the river
Course, watershed, cities and major tributaries of the Irrawaddy River
Location
Country	Myanmar
States/Regions	Kachin Mandalay Sagaing Magway Bago Ayeyarwady
Cities	Myitkyina Bhamo Mandalay Sagaing Pakokku Bagan Magway Pyay Hinthada
Physical characteristics
Source	Ridong Qu headwaters, southeast Tibet, China: The geographical source.
- coordinates	28°44′04″N 97°52′21″E / 28.73444°N 97.87250°E / 28.73444; 97.87250
- elevation	4760 m (approximately)
2nd source
- location	Gada Qu headwaters, southeast Tibet, China: The northernmost source.
- coordinates	28°45′57″N 97°45′1″E / 28.76583°N 97.75028°E / 28.76583; 97.75028 (approximately)
- elevation	4760 m (approximately)
3rd source	N'Mai River
- location	Kachin State, Myanmar
- coordinates	28°31′50″N 97°37′55″E / 28.53056°N 97.63194°E / 28.53056; 97.63194 (approximately)
- elevation	4650 m (approximately)
4th source	Mali River
- location	Kachin State, Myanmar
- coordinates	27°44′48″N 97°2′5″E / 27.74667°N 97.03472°E / 27.74667; 97.03472 (approximately)
- elevation	3800 m (approximately)
Source confluence
- location	Damphet, Kachin State
- coordinates	25°42′0″N 97°30′0″E / 25.70000°N 97.50000°E / 25.70000; 97.50000
- elevation	147 m (482 ft)
Mouth	Andaman Sea
- location	Ale-ywa, Ayeyarwady Region, Myanmar
- coordinates	15°51′19″N 95°14′27″E / 15.85528°N 95.24083°E / 15.85528; 95.24083
- elevation	0 m (0 ft)
Length	2,288 km (1,422 mi)
Basin size	404,200 km2 (156,100 sq mi)
Discharge
- location	Irrawaddy Delta
- average	15,112 m3/s (533,700 cu ft/s)
- minimum	2,300 m3/s (81,000 cu ft/s)
- maximum	60,000 m3/s (2,100,000 cu ft/s)
Basin features
Tributaries
- left	Chindwin River, Mu River
- right	Myitnge
Second longest source length: Kaidag Qu/Gadag Qu: 48 km ⟶ Gyita Qu/Kelao Luo: 56 km ⟶ Dulong River: 182 km ⟶ N Mai Kha River: 231 km ⟶ Irrawaddy River: 2,210 km ⟶ Andaman Sea: Total: 2,727 km Longest source length: Quwa Qu/Ridong Ermei ⟶ Gyita Qu/Kelao Luo: 56 km ⟶...

The delta of the Irrawaddy begins about 93 kilometres (58 mi) north of the city of Hinthada. The westernmost distributary of the delta is the Pathein (Bassein) River and the easternmost is the Yangon River. The land in the delta is low but it is not flat. The soil is made of fine silt.

A large number of people live in the delta region. Because the soil can be as low as 3 metres above sea level, it is an important area for growing rice.

On 2 May 2008, Cyclone Nargis was a major disaster for the delta. The cyclone reportedly killed at least 77,000 people with over 55,900 missing, and left about 2.5 million homeless.

Annual rainfall in the delta region is about 2,500 mm (100 in). Most of the rain falls during the monsoons which happen between May and November.

 

There is not a complete list of all the types of fish found along the Irrawaddy River. In 2008, it was estimated that the region is home to 119–195 species of fish found nowhere else in the world.

One of the best-known species in the river is the Irrawaddy dolphin. The dolphin is listed as a vulnerable species, meaning it is at risk to become endangered. In 2016 officials report only 62 dolphins are left in Myanmar.

There are several different ecoregions along the river.

Northern Mountains

The Irrawaddy River begins where the streams of the Nmai and Mali join. Both of these rivers begin in high and remote mountains near the border with Tibet. In this area rain falls at all seasons of the year, but mostly in the summer. The valleys and lower hill ranges are covered with an evergreen rainforest. At elevations above 900 metres (3,000 ft) there are forests of oak and pine. Above 1,800 metres (5,900 ft), are forests of rhododendrons. Above 2,400 metres (7,900 ft) there are evergreen conifer forests.

The Central Basin and Lowlands

The central basin receives little rain. The humidity is always high, which is important for plant life. The area is mostly covered in plains. The forests are mostly filled with teak. The natural habitats in this area have been changed for farming. The wildlife includes many birds, small mammals and reptiles such as the huge Burmese python.

Irrawaddy Delta Area

The delta area has mangroves and freshwater swamp forests. It is an extremely fertile area. The lands of the upper and central parts of the delta are almost all used for farming, especially rice. The southern part becomes the Myanmar Coast mangroves. This area has marshes with oxbow lakes, islands, and streams.

Many types of bird are found in the delta. These include the great cormorant, Anatidae, and red junglefowl.

Large mammals include the Malayan sambar deer, Indian hog deer, and wild boar. Other large mammals have only a small number of animals in the delta region. Some species reported to be present include the leopard, Bengal tiger, crab-eating macaque, wild dog, and otters.

The saltwater crocodile can be found in the southern part of the delta. There are five species of sea turtle that are known to nest in Myanmar.

The Irrawaddy River has five major tributaries. Tributaries are rivers that flow into a larger river. The rivers joining the Irrawaddy are, from north to south:

1. Taping River
2. Shweli River
3. Myitnge River
4. Mu River
5. Chindwin River

 

The river flows through or past the following cities:

• Myitkyina
• Bhamo
• Katha
• Tagaung
• Kyaukmyaung
• Mandalay
• Sagaing
• Yenangyaung
• Chauk
• Bagan
• Nyaung-U
• Magway
• Pyay
• Hinthada
• Pantanaw