پښتو ابېڅې، لکه د پارسي او د اردو ژبې د ابېڅو په شان د عربي ژبې نه اشتقاق شوې ابېڅې دي چې د هغو غږونو او ځليزو ښکارندويي وکړي کوم چې يوازې په پښتو ژبه کې دي او په عربي ژبه کې نه موندل کېږي.
په پښتو ابېڅو کې داسې توري شته چې په عربي او يا هم د پارسي ژبې په ابېڅو کې نشته. د ساري په توگه، هغه توري representing the retroflex consonants /ʈ/, /ɖ/, /𝼈/ and /ɳ/ are written like the standard Arabic te, dāl, re and nun with a "panḍak", "γaṛwandai" or also called "skəṇai" attached underneath, which looks like a small circle: ړ ,ډ ,ټ, and ڼ, respectively. It also has the letters ṣ̌in and ẓ̌e (representing voiceless and voiced retroflex fricatives), which look like a sin and reh respectively with a dot above and beneath: ښ and ږ. The letters representing the Voiceless alveolar affricate /ts/ and Voiced alveolar affricate/d͡z/ look like a ح with three dots above and an hamza (ء) above; څ and ځ, and are also specific to Pashto, although څ was also used in the related extinct language of Khwarezmian to represent both /t͡s/ and /d͡z/. Pashto has ى ,ې ,ۀ, and ۍ for additional vowels and diphthongs as well.
په پښتو ابېڅو کې د عربي ژبې ۲۸ پور شوي توري او د پارسي ژبې ۳ پور شوي توري (چ ,پ, او ژ) شامل دي، پاتې ۱۲ توري د پښتو ابېڅو خپل ځانگړي توري دي.
^ In the beginning of a word, آ (alif with madda) represents the long vowel /ɑ/ (eg. آس - ās, "horse"), and ا (alif) represents the consonant /ʔ/ (eg. اسلام - ʾislām or islām, "Islam"). In the middle or end of a word, ا represents the long vowel /ɑ/ preceded by a consonant (eg. كال - kāl, "year"; and نيا - nyā, "grandmother").
^ The pronunciations of ږ and ښ depend on the dialect - eg. Kandahar: /ʐ/ and /ʂ/; Quetta: /ʒ/ and /ʃ/; southern Wazirwola: /ʑ/ and /ɕ/; Wardak: /ʝ/ and /ç/; Yusufzai: /ɡ/ and /x/.
^ The pronunciation of the letter ځ merges with /z/ in northern and eastern dialects, and څ merges with /s/ in eastern dialects.
^ The letter ړ represents /𝼈/ if it is not at the final position of a syllable; if it is final, it represents /ɻ/.
^ The letter ۀ representing /ə/ is not used in many texts; instead ه is used which can also represent /ə/.
^ ى represents /ai/ if preceded by a consonant (eg. لرگى - largai, "wood"), and represents /j/ if preceded by a vowel (eg. دوى - duy, "they").
^ Ten of the alphabets, ق ف ع ظ ط ض ص ح ﺫ ث, appear only in loanwords which are mostly of Arabic origin. Eight of them, ع ظ ط ض ص ح ﺫ ث, represent no additional phonemes of Pashto, and their pronunciation merges with other phonemes.
In the earliest known Pashto manuscript written in 1651 CE, ڊ (dāl with subscript dot) was used for /t͡s/ and /d͡z/, which was still used in the Diwan of Mirza written in 1690 CE, but this sign was soon replaced by څ which was first attested in 1696-7 CE. څ is now used for only /t͡s/.
^ The diacritic marks are not considered separate letters. Their use is optional and are usually not written; they are primarily used to distinguish between two words which appear similar.
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