Matenda Oyambitsa Khungu Komanso Matuza

Zina mwa zizindikiro za matendawa n'zakuti munthu yemwe ali nawo amamva kuyabwa kwambiri, amatuluka matuza pakhungu, ndiponso amachita khungu. Matendawa ndi chinthu chachiwiri, kuwonjera pa ng'ala, chomwe chimachititsa anthu ambri khungu padziko lonse.

Ntchentche zakuda za m'gulu la Simulium ndi zimene zimafalitsa tinyongolosi toyambitsa matendawa. Nthawi zambiri kuti munthu afike podwala matendawa amafunika kulumidwa mobwerezabwereza ndi ntchentchezi. Ntchentche za mtundu umenewu zimapezeka pafupi ndi mtsinje, n'chifukwa chake dzina lina la matendawa ndi lakuti khungu la kumtsinje. Nyongolosi zoyambitsa matendawa zikalowa m'thupi mwa munthu, zimaikira mazira omwe omabwera kuseri kwa khungu la munthuyo. Ndiyeno munthuyo akalumidwanso ndi ntchentche ina yakuda, mazira aja amalowa m'thupi mwa ntchentcheyo. Pali njira zambiri zimene madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito pofuna kudziwa ngati munthu ali ndi nyongolosizi kapena mazira ake m'thupi kwake: njira yoyamba ndi kumuyeza pakhungu pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a saline kenako n'kudikirira kuti nyongolosi ndi mazirawo zitulukire kunja kwa khungu, kuyang'ana m'maso mwa munthuyo ngati muli nyongolosi kapena mazira ake, ndiponso kuyang'ana m'matudza a pakhungu ngati muli nyongolosi.

Padakali pano palibe katemera woteteza kumatendawa. Koma munthu angawapewe ngati atamayesetsa kuti asalumidwe ndi ntchentche. Ndipo zinthu zimene zingamuthandize kuti asalumidwe ndi kudzola mafuta othamangitsa tizilombo ndiponso kuvala zovala zimene zingachititse kuti ntchentche isathe kumuluma. Zinanso zimene munthu angachite n'kupopera mankhwala opha tizilombo m'malo amene ntchentchezo imapezeka zambiri. Akuluakulu azaumoyo m'madera ena padzikoli akuyesetsa kuti athane ndi matendawa, ndipo akuchita zimenezi popereka mankhwala kwa anthu onse m'maderawo, kawiri pachaka. Koma anthu omwe nyongolosi zoyambitsa matendawa kapena mazira ake zalowa kale m'thupi mwawo amapatsidwa mankhwala otchedwa ivermectin pa miyezi 6 mpaka 12 iliyonse. Mankhwala amenewa amapheratu mazira koma osati nyongolosi. Ndipo mankhwala ena otchedwa doxycycline, omwe amapha tizilombo tina tamtundu wa mabakiteriya otchedwa Wolbachia, amafooketsa kwambiri nyongolosi zoyambitsa matenda a khungu ndi matudzazi, ndipo madokotala ena amalimbikitsa odwala kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala amenewa. Komanso opaleshoni yochotsa matuza ndi nsungu pakhungu imathandizanso.

Padziko lonse, anthu pafupifupi 17 mpaka 25 miliyoni ali ndi matenda a khungu la kumtsinje, ndipo mwa anthu amenewa, pafupifupi 1 miliyoni maso awo anachita khungu. Ambiri mwa anthu amene ali ndi matendawa ndi a m'mayiko a kumwera kwa chipululu cha Saharan ku Africa, ndipo matendawa akufalikiranso ku Yemen ndi m'madera ena a ku Central ndi South America. Mu 1915, dokotala wina wotchedwa Rodolfo Robles anatulukira kuti nyongolosi ndi zimene zimayambitsa matenda amenewa. Bungwe Loona za Umoyo Padziko Lonse linaika matendawa pa m'ndandanda wa matenda amene akunyalanyazidwa kwambiri m'mayiko otentha.